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Blason = Cygne navré, c'est à dire percé d'une flèche Motte-Houdancourt (la) = duché créé en 1830 pour Olivier-Louis de Walsh-Serrant. Titre éteint en 1940 avec la 3e duchesse Elisabeth de Cossé-Brissac.
History and songs Régiment Walsh
Le régiment Walsh est un régiment français de l' Ancien Régime recrutant des Irlandais.
HistoriqueIl a été créé en 1698 par Louis XIV à partir du régiment des Gardes de Jacques II après la bataille de la Boyne et le traité de Limerick sous les noms successifs de :
En 1770 le régiment prend le nom de régiment de Walsh en recrutant toujours des militaires d'origine irlandaise pour maintenir l'esprit de la Brigade irlandaise . À la Révolution française , en 1791, ce régiment fidèle au roi est transformé et devient le 92e régiment d'infanterie de ligne . En 1796, il est réformé et devient :
En 1803, il redevient le 92 e régiment d'Infanterie de Ligne. Combats et bataillesCampagnes et bataillesLes 5 régiments d'irlandais catholiques aux services du roi Jacques II Stuart qui sont à l'origine des troupes irlandaises au service du royaume de France, ont été battus à la bataille de la Boyne en 1690 contre les troupes néerlandaises, écossaises et anglaises de Guillaume d'Orange qui devient roi d'Angleterre. Après la chute de Limerick fin 1691, Louis XIV accueille son cousin Jacques II qui se réfugie en France, accompagné par 19000 soldats qui ont combattu pour la cause jacobine. Par dérision, cet épisode est appelé Flight of the Wild Geese (envol des oies sauvages) par les Anglais. Louis XIV espérait ainsi pouvoir remettre Jacques II un jour sur le trône d'Angleterre. En 1698, il exige que les régiments irlandais se mettent à son service.
Colonels = 11 avril 1770 : Antoine Joseph Philippe, comte de Walsh-Serrant ... 10 mars 1788 : Charles Joseph Augustin, vicomte de Walsh-Serrant Ce document provient de « https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Régiment_Walsh ». La participation du régiment Walsh à la guerre d'indépendance américaineAprès la glorieuse révolution, les jacobites émigrèrent en France sur une flotte de 50 navires partie de Cork en 1691. Louis XIV accueillit ces militaires irlandais et fonda pour eux la brigade irlandaise, formée de trois régiments, dont l'un, dirigé par le grand père d'Antoine, sera renommé régiment Walsh en 1770, sous la direction du neveu d'Antoine, né à Cadix, où vit une autre colonie d'officiers et armateurs jacobites. La participation à la guerre d'indépendance américaine de deux régiments dirigés par des Irlandais de Nantes, le régiment Dillon et le régiment Walsh, permit de faire reculer la marine anglaise dans les Antilles puis de les faire plier lors du décisif siège de Savannah, en Géorgie[11]. Les officiers irlandais se mêlent à de nombreux futurs réfugiés français de Saint-Domingue en Amérique, dans une armada commandée par l'amiral d'Estaing. Parmi eux, le général Arthur Dillon, qui a succédé à l'amiral d'Estaing à la tête de 10 000 hommes, et le général James O'Moran seront faits membres de la Société des Cincinnati par George Washington, puis guillotinés tous les deux à la Révolution française. Voir aussiBibliographie
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Antoine Walsh = Antoine Vincent Walsh, dit Antoine Walsh(1703-1763)Antoine Walsh , né le 22 janvier 1703 à Saint-Malo , mort le 2 mars 1763 au Cap-Français ( Saint-Domingue ) 1 , est un homme politique du groupe des jacobitesirlandais installés à Nantes et un des plus importants homme d'affaires de Nantes au XVIII e siècle , notamment en tant qu'armateur négrier, fondateur de la Société d'Angola .
BiographieAnthony Walsh was named as Earl Walsh by James III on 20th October 1745 for his part in escorting the Prince of Wales to Scotland. Anthony was a descendant of the Kilkenny branch of the Walsh Family, the son of Philip Walsh of St. Malo, France. Philip Walsh, baptized in Dublin in 1666, built several men-of-war for the French service. Philip's father, James Walsh, forfeited his estates of Ballynacooly in the Walsh Mountains of County Kilkenny in 1665. James Walsh was a captain in the French navy, and it was on board his ship that James II fled from Kinsale to France in 1690, after the former King's unsuccesful bid to reclaim the throne of England. James II's grandson, Prince Charles Edward Stuart, in his bid to reclaim the British throne on behalf of the Stuart dynasty, was aided by Antoine Walsh, among others, during the rebellion of 1745. This page tells some of that story. The French government was apprised of Prince Charles's intentions, and though the French ministers were not disposed openly to sanction an enterprise which they were not at the time in a condition to support, they secretly favoured a design, which, whatever might be its result, would operate as a diversion in favour of France. Accordingly, Lord Clare, (afterwards Marshal Thomond), then a lieutenant-general in the French service, was authorised to open a negotiation with two merchants of Irish extraction, named Rutledge and Walsh, who had made some money by trading to the West Indies. They had, since the war, been concerned in privateering; and with the view of extending their operations, had lately obtained from the French government a grant of the Elisabeth, an old man-of-war of sixty-six guns, and they had purchased a small frigate of sixteen guns named theDoutelle (le Du Teillay), both of which ships were in the course of being fitted out for a cruise in the north seas. Lord Clare having introduced Prince Charles to Ruttledge and Walsh, explained the prince's design, and proposed that they should lend him their ships. This proposal was at once acceded to by the owners, who also offered to supply the prince with money and such arms as they could procure, in fulfilment of which offer they afterwards placed in his hands the sum of £3,800. When informed that everything was in readiness for his departure, Charles went to Nantes, near the mouth of the Loire, in disguise, and having descended the Loire in a fishing boat on the 20th of June, (O.S.) 1745, embarked on the 21st on board the Doutelle at St. Nazaire, whence he proceeded on the following day to Belleisle, where he was joined on the 4th of July by the Elisabeth, which had on board 100 marines raised by Lord Clare, about 2,000 muskets, and 500 or 600 French broad-swords. The expedition sailed from Belleisle on the 5th of July with a fair wind, which continued favourable till the 8th, when a dead calm ensued. On the following day, when in the latitude of 47 57' north, and thirty-nine leagues west from the meridian of the Lizard, a sail was descried to windward, which proved to be the Lion, a British man-of-war of sixty guns, commanded by Captain Brett. With the Lion bearing down M. D'Oe, or D'Eau, the captain of the Elisabeth, had the first broadside, which was instantly returned by the Lion; and before the Elisabeth could get her other side to bear upon her opponent, the Lion tacked about and poured in another broadside into the Elisabeth, which raked her fore and aft, and killed a great number of her men. Notwithstanding this untoward beginning, the Elisabeth maintained the fight for nearly five hours, when night coming on, and both vessels being complete wrecks, they parted as if by mutual consent. The prince, in theDoutelle, viewed the battle with great anxiety, and, it is said, importuned the captain to assist the Elisabeth, but Walsh positively refused to engage, and intimated to the price, that if he continued his solicitations, he would order him down to the cabin. The engagement depicted in this painting took place on 9 July 1745, and was described as follows: the French man-of-war the Elisabeth (64 guns), carrying arms men to Scotland and escorting the Sloop Du Theilly (La Doutelle) with the Young Pretender on board, was sighted by Captain Percy Brett in the Lion (60 guns), off the Lizard at four o'clock. Captain Brett made four drawings illustrating the successive stages of the encounter, and this picture is based on that of the final phase (in the Sandwich collection, Kingzett, op. cit. pl. 9a). The Elisabeth had seized the opportunity of a shift in the wind's direction to escape, and the Lion, much damaged and powerless to pursue, is seen firing a last raking volley. Painted by Samuel Scott (1702-1772), the inscription on the lining canvas, 'Action on the 9th of July 1745 between the Lion of 60 guns, Captain Percy Brett / and the Elisabeth of 64 guns, the Doutelle in the distance making / her escape with the Pretender on board./ Painted for Admiral Lord Anson'. Oil on canvas.102.7 x 152.3 cm (401/2 x 60 in). After the action was over, Captain Walsh bore up to the Elisabeth to ascertain the state of matters, and was informed by a lieutenant of the severe loss she had sustained in officers and men, and the crippled state she was in. He, however, offered to pursue the voyage if supplied with a main-mast and some rigging, but Walsh had no spare materials; and after intimating that he would endeavour to finish the voyage himself, and advising the commander of theElisabeth to return to France, both ships parted, the Elisabeth on her way back to France, and the Doutelle on her voyage to the Western Highlands. On the 11th of July a sail was discovered, which gave chase to the Doutelle; but being a swift-sailing vessel she outran her pursuer. She encountered a rough sea and tempestuous weather on the 15th and 16th, after which the weather became fine till the midnight of the 20th, when a violent storm arose. She stood out the gale, however, and on the 22d came within sight of land, which was discovered to be the southern extremity of Long Island, a name by which, from their appearing at a distance, and in a particular direction, to form one island, the islands of Lewis, the Uists, Barra, and others, are distinguished. On approaching land, a large ship, which appeared to be an English man-of-war, was descried between the Doutelle and the island. On perceiving this vessel, Walsh changed the course of the Doutelle, and stretching along the east side of Barra, reached the strait between South Uist and Eriska, the largest of a cluster of little rocky islands that lie off South Uist. In the strait, the Doutelle cast anchor on the 23d of July, having been eighteen days at sea. Accompanied by his attendants, the prince immediately landed in Eriska, and was conducted to the house of Angus MacDonald, the tacksman, or principal tenant thereof and of the small islands adjoining. While prolonged (unsuccessful) discussions were taking place between Charles and the influential Scots clansmen of the area, two vessels appeared making for the strait in which the Doutelle lay, a circumstance which induced her commander to weigh anchor and stand in for the mainland. TheDoutelle continued her course during the night, and next morning cast anchor in the bay of Lochnanuagh (Loch na nUamh), which partly divides the countries of Moidart and Arisaig. Charles set foot on the mainland at Loch nan Uamh on 25 July. Meetings with other important clansmen were as discouraging as before. They were Jacobite supporters but also realists. They knew the likelihood of success was negligible and that failure would spell disaster for their clans. All but Antoine Walsh and another in his troop named O'Sullivan urged him to return to France. Charles refused to listen to any advice and gradually assembled a few local supporters. He secured the support of Cameron of Lochiel, who had also been pessimistic about the outcome of the rebellion, by sneering that Lochiel could stay at home and learn of the Prince's fate in a news sheet. Lochiel's support and the men he could put in the field were vital if the rebellion was to proceed. Charles sent letters and messengers from his HQ at Borrodale summoning support and he decided on Glenfinnan as the place where he would first assemble his army. Later the Doutelle captured 2 sloops carrying barley and oatmeal, which Charles bought from their captains and distributed to the general population. It is important to note that Scotland had experienced famine in 1743 and 1744 and many were suffering from scurvy during the summer of 1745. The promise of regular food helped to lure supporters to follow the Jacobite standard. On Monday 19 August the Jacobite standard was raised there. On August 19 that standard was raised at Glenfinnan and a general call to arms was put out. Of the approximately 1200 men who gathered at Glenfinnan about 700 were Lochiel's Camerons. The MacDonalds, Stewarts, MacLeods, Camerons and many other Clans rallied to him, and the British Government placed a price of £30,000 on Charles' head. The ensuing war (rebellion) was one mainly of marches and counter marches which lasted through the intervening months. Jacobite successes were notably seen at Edinburgh and at Preston. Meanwhile, the French King Louis XV, to support the Jacobite expedition to Scotland, had given orders to collect ships at Dunkirk: eighteen batallions of infantry and two squadrons of cavalry formed the corps of land forces. Maurepas, entrusted with the execution of the King's will, hurried the organization and departure of the troops. The command of the French fleet was committed to Antoine Walsh, who had earlier taken the Prince of Wales to Scotland. Everything was preparing in France to embark the troops and to set sail about the month of March 1746. Delays, difficulties, the cause of which is unknown, prevented the succour being ready in time to be useful. Prince Charles Edward, abandoned to his own forces, was defeated at Culloden in the month of April 1746, which effectively ended the rebellion. Here, Government forces under the Duke of Cumberland defeated the Bonnie Prince. Charles remained in Scotland intil 20th September 1746 when he left Scotland for good aboard the French frigate L'Heureux. The cause of the Stuarts was lost, the descent of the French on England countermanded PrésentationFils de Phillip Walsh, d'une famille de réfugiés jacobites en France, l'une des premières fortunes de la ville, un généreux donateur catholique et un entrepreneur de la traite négrière dans les années 1750, où elle prend le plus d'ampleur, la natalité chez les esclaves restant très faible[1]. Antoine Walsh organisa 46 voyages de commerce triangulaire dont sept pour la seule année 1751, après avoir créé le 7 septembre 1748 la fameuse Société d'Angola, au capital de deux millions de livres, en anticipant d'un mois sur la fin de la guerre de Succession. Parmi ses associés, des hommes d'affaires parisiens, tels que Jean Paris de Monmartel, Tourton et Baur. Cette activité, freinée par un durcissement fiscal en 1754, est paralysée en 1757 par la guerre de Sept Ans[1]. Issu de l'émigration jacobites des irlandais nantais, datant des guerres contre Olivier Cromwell et accélérée sous Louis XIV, soutien de Jacques II, le roi catholique déchu par la Glorieuse Révolution de 1688, Antoine Walsh est un financier des rébellions jacobites. Le traité de Limerick, signé avec le nouveau gouvernement parlementaire anglais, permit à vingt mille jacobites, appelé les oies sauvages, d'émigrer en France et en Espagne mais Jacques II débarque en Irlande en 1706 et 1715, avec l'armée française. Son petit-fils le prince Charles Édouard Stuart lance en 1745 une opération militaire contre l'Écosse, financée par Antoine Walsh[2], qui est alors fait comte et pair d'Irlande, tandis que son frère est député de France à Cadix. Le fils d'un proche du roi d'Angleterre Jacques IIC'est sur la navire de son père Phillip Walsh, armateur à Saint-Malo et capitaine-corsaire que le roi Jacques II d'Angleterre s'exile en France en 1688, après la Glorieuse Révolution. Nantes est le port auquel Louis XIV, fidèle soutien des jacobites, apporta un soutien régulier au moment de l'essor de Saint-Domingue, soutien qui en fait à la fois le premier port négrier d'Europe et le départ des rébellions jacobites. La place de Nantes a cependant été précédée par celle de Saint-Malo, où la plupart des officiers de la guerre des neuf ans sont des jacobites[3], les Walsh étant accompagnés de Butler, Murphy et Withe. Actifs dans le grand commerce maritime, les jacobites irlandais maintiennent des relations avec l'Irlande jusqu'à en 1741, l'année de la dernière tentative de débarquement en Irlande, après les échecs de 1708 et 1715 en Écosse. En 1745, c'est à nouveau en Écosse qu'Antoine Walsh finance un expédition visant à remettre sur le trône Charles Édouard Stuart, le petit-fils de Jacques II. Il stocke à cet effet quelques 11.000 mousquets dans l'un de ses entrepôts à Nantes[4]. Soutenue par une partie des chefs de clans, l'opération militaire tourne au fiasco lors de la bataille de Culloden. Cette succession de conflits militaires amène la Grande-Bretagne à favoriser les Highland Clearances en Écosse, pour priver de troupes les chefs jacobites, qui sont transformés en propriétaires terriens. HAUT DE PAGE Un lobbyiste des planteurs de Saint-DomingueDans les années 1739 à 1744, Antoine Walsh mène une intense campagne de lobbying contre la taxe de dix livres par esclave importé à Saint-Domingue, qui vise à renflouer les caisses du royaume, exsangues après les guerres de Louis XIV et la tentative infructueuse pour éponger les dettes, déployée en 1720 avec le système de Law. En 1788, la taxe sur l'importation d'esclaves ne représente que 4% des richesses produites par Saint-Domingue soit 2 millions de francs sur 48[5]. En 1741 et 1743, il achète deux plantations à Saint-Domingue, où il rejoint d'autres planteurs sucriers jacobites comme la famille O'Gorman, ou encore Edmond O'Rourke, Nicolas De Lucker, Claude-Mathieu Mac Nemara, Thomas Sutton de Clonard, Luc-Edmond Stapleton et Jean-Baptiste Hooke, tous aux prénoms français. Bilingues, cosmopolites, entrepreneurs, ces planteurs deviendront des réfugiés français de Saint-Domingue en Amérique qui n'auront aucun mal à s'installer en Louisiane à partir de 1794 au moment de la révolution haïtienne, et à se lancer dans la culture du coton, qui est commencée en Louisiane dès 1740. Ils se concentrèrent ensuite sur les esclaves vers les Antilles, qui représente un tiers du commerce des jacobites contre un sixième pour la moyenne des autres marchands nantais. Sur 2498 navires entrés à Nantes entre 1733 et 1741, on ne compte pas moins de 471 en provenance des différents ports irlandais[6]. Parmi eux, Jean Stapleton, négociant et planteur à Saint-Domingue et de nombreux négociants qui épousent des filles de l'aristocratie nantaise. Le premier armateur de Nantes en 1748, avec une société de 2 millions de livresLa famille Walsh créé le 7 septembre 1748 la société d'Angola, qui a pour but de pratiquer la traite des Noirs le long de la côte éponyme, avec un capital de 1 600 000 livres (dans les faits 2 millions de livres tournois sont réunies. Elle contrôle à elle seule 28% de tous les armements négriers de Nantes[7]. Avec la Société Grou et Michel, son grand rival à Nantes, contrôlé par la famille parisienne de Jean-Baptiste Grou, arrivé à Nantes en 1689 à l'âge de 20 ans[8]., c'est 49% de la traite qui est entre les mains de deux armateurs. En novembre 1748, la Société Grou et Michel fusionne avec d'autres pour se fondre dans la Compagnie de Guinée au capital de 2,4 millions de livres. Parmi les financiers, le fermier général Charles-Claude-Ange Dupleix, frère de Joseph François, gouverneur des établissements français aux Indes, apporte 560 000 livres. La liste des 26 actionnaires de la société d'Angola ne comprend qu'un autre Nantais, Du Chatel, pour 175 000 livres, qui n'est autre que le fils du banquier Antoine Crozat. La haute finance parisienne et l'administration supérieure de la Compagnie des Indes sont mieux représentés : le financier Jean Paris de Monmartel investit 375 000 livres, les banquiers Tourton et Baur 375 000 livres chacun, et Michau de Montaran, commissaire du roi auprès de la Compagnie et ancien trésorier des États de Bretagne, investit 50.000 livres. Du sucre au statut de propriétaire foncier dans l'arrière-pays nantaisLes années 1740 furent celles de la conquête des terres du Sud à Saint-Domingue, où la mise en valeur du café et du coton, en plus du sucre, permet un accroissement des fortunes, qu'il faut réinvestir ou placer. La moyenne d'apport dans des mariages entre époux jacobites passe ainsi de 28.000 à 54.000 livres entre le premier et le deuxième quart de siècle à Nantes. En 1749, Antoine Walsh acquiert pour le compte de son frère François Jacques Walsh, qui a la charge officielle de député de France à Cadix en Espagne, le château et la seigneurie de Serrant, en Anjou, pour la somme de 840 000 livres, à l'image de nombre de planteurs et armateurs du sucre ou des esclaves qui recyclent leurs capitaux dans les placements fonciers. Son ami Jean Stapleton, autre armateur jacobite de Nantes, avait acheté en 1732 une plantation à Saint-Domingue, où son grand-père du même nom, mort en 1698, était déjà planteur au cœur d'un réseau d'affaires jacobite allant de Montserrat à Galway, créé par William Stapleton, en passant par La Rochelle et Nantes[9]. Il investit ensuite dans une série de propriétés foncières, prieurés et baronnies qui lui permettent de fonder en 1747, un empire immobilier, le "comté de Trèves"[10]. Il épouse en 1753 à Nantes Mary O'Shiell, fille de Luc O'Shiell, devenu l'un des plus riches armateurs de la ville. Leur fille Anne Walsh se marie en 1780 avec le lieutenant de vaisseau Pierre-François de Bardon. |
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Oies sauvages (jacobites)voir Oies sauvages .Les " Wild Geese ", les " Oies sauvages " en français , désignait traditionnellement les mercenaires irlandais qui s'engageaient comme mercenaires dans les armées continentales et formèrent la brigade irlandaise . Ils ont fourni à l'armée française 14 de ses lieutenants-généraux et 18 maréchaux de camp 1 et ils se sont assurés un quasi-monopole des hauts postes de l'empire colonial dans la seconde moitié du XVIII e siècle 1 . Leurs principaux ports d'accueil sont Nantes en France, forte de l'importante communauté des irlandais de Nantes , et Cadix en Espagne 1 .
L'origine de cet envolAprès la bataille de la Boyne en 1690 et la chute de Limerick fin 1691 , l' Irlande est perdue pour le catholique Jacques II qui se réfugie en France. Il est suivi par les soldats qui ont combattu pour sa cause comprenant une grande majorité d'Irlandais. Par dérision, cet épisode est appelé Flight of the Wild Geese ( Envol des oies sauvages ) par les Anglais. Patrick Sarsfield , premier comte de Lucan, le défenseur de Limerick obtint une capitulation honorable en octobre 1691 . Cet accord permettait aux soldats jacobites d'émigrer, 5 000 Irlandais embarquèrent immédiatement sur une flotte de secours française arrivée trop tard ils furent rejoints par 5 000 autres amenés par des bateaux anglais. Patrick Sarsfield mourut le 21 août de blessures reçues à la bataille de Neerwinden le 19 août 1693 . L'envol des oies sauvagesLes émigrés irlandais ont constitué des régiments de mercenaires dans de nombreux pays, qu'ils soient catholiques ou non. Service de la FranceLe principal contingent est celui qui s'est mis au service de la France en 1691 sous Louis XIV , alors que la Cour jacobite de Saint-Germain en Laye rassemble des milliers d'émigrés. Sous Louis XV les Irlandais se sont illustrés en particulier à la bataille de Fontenoy . Ils ont pris part également pour le compte de la France sous Louis XVI à la guerre d'indépendance américaine par deux régiments Dillon et Berwick . C'est l' Assemblée nationale française qui a prononcé la dissolution des régiments irlandais (suspects d'être fidèles au Roi) en 1791. Le service des émigrés irlandais aura donc duré une centaine d'années de 1692 à 1792. Le comte de Provence , futur Louis XVIII, a prononcé en 1792 un discours de remerciement pour honorer la très longue fidélité des émigrés irlandais. Article détaillé : Brigade irlandaise .Service de l'EspagneLe régiment Irlanda 1 est constitué en 1698 et rejoint en 1709 par deux autres, Hibernia et Ultonia. En 1758, ils représentaient un total de 4 200 hommes. Un régiment de dragons ( Mahony-Dragons ) a été envoyé en 1706 en Espagne avec des volontaires irlandais commandés par Daniel O'Mahony pour participer à la guerre de Succession d'Espagne qui a permis de mettre sur le trône d'Espagne Philippe V d'Espagne , un petit-fils de Louis XIV, puis de consolider son trône. Par la suite d'autres descendants irlandais se sont mis au service de l'Espagne :
Service de la RussieLes principaux serviteurs de la Russie sont :
Service de l'AutricheOn peut citer plusieurs officiers généraux :
Service de pays lointainsDes descendants d'émigrants irlandais se sont retrouvés dans d'autres pays (Argentine, Chili...) où ils ont pris des parts importantes aux événements. On peut citer :
HAUT DE PAGE Flight of the Wild Geese The Flight of the Wild Geese refers to the departure of an Irish Jacobite army under the command of Patrick Sarsfield from Ireland to France, as agreed in the Treaty of Limerick on October 3, 1691, following the end of the Williamite War in Ireland. More broadly, the term "Wild Geese" is used in Irish history to refer to Irish soldiers who left to serve in continental European armies in the 16th, 17th and 18th centuries.
The first Irish troops to serve as a unit for a continental power formed an Irish regiment in the Spanish Army of Flanders in the Eighty Years' War in the 1580s. The regiment had been raised by an English Catholic, William Stanley, in Ireland from native Irish soldiers and mercenaries, whom the English authorities wanted out of the country. (See also Tudor conquest of Ireland) Stanley was given a commission by Elizabeth I and was intended to lead his regiment on the English side, in support of the Dutch United Provinces. However, in 1585, motivated by religious factors and bribes offered by the Spaniards, Stanley defected to the Spanish side with the regiment. In 1598 Diego Brochero de Anaya wrote the Spanish King Philip III:
The unit fought in the Netherlands until 1600 when it was disbanded due to heavy wastage through combat and sickness. Following the defeat of the Gaelic armies of the Nine Years' War, the "Flight of the Earls" took place in 1607. The Earl of Tyrone Hugh O'Neill, the Earl of Tyrconnell Rory O'Donnell and the Lord of Beare and Bantry, Donal O'Sullivan, along with many chiefs and their followers from Ulster, fled Ireland. They hoped to get Spanish help in order to restart their rebellion in Ireland, but King Philip III of Spain did not want a resumption of war with England and refused their request. Nevertheless, their arrival led to the formation of a new Irish regiment in Flanders, officered by Gaelic Irish nobles and recruited from their followers and dependents in Ireland. This regiment was more overtly political than its predecessor in Spanish service and was militantly hostile to the English Protestant government in Ireland. The regiment was led by Hugh O'Neill's son John. Prominent officers included Owen Roe O'Neill and Hugh Dubh O'Neill. A fresh source of recruits came in the early 17th century, when Roman Catholics were banned from military and political office in Ireland. As a result, the Irish units in the Spanish service began attracting Catholic Old English officers such as Thomas Preston and Garret Barry. These men had more pro-English views than their Gaelic counterparts and considerable animosity was created over plans to use the Irish regiment to invade Ireland in 1627. The regiment was garrisoned in Brussels during the truce in the Eighty Years' War from 1609–1621 and developed close links with Irish Catholic clergy based in the seminary there, creating the famous Irish Colleges — most notably, Florence Conroy. Many of the Irish troops in Spanish service returned to Ireland after the Irish Rebellion of 1641 and fought in the armies of Confederate Ireland - a movement of Irish Catholics. When the Confederates were defeated and Ireland occupied after the Cromwellian conquest of Ireland, around 34,000 Irish Confederate troops fled the country to seek service in Spain. Some of them later deserted or defected to French service, where the conditions were deemed better. At the time of the Napoleonic Wars there were still three Irish infantry regiments in the Spanish army: Irlanda (raised 1698); Hibernia (1709); and Ultonia (1709). However in the later years of the existence of these units only the officers were Irish or of Irish descent, the men being predominantly Spanish or other foreigners. All three regiments were finally disbanded in 1815. HAUT DE PAGE French serviceMain article: Irish Brigade From the mid-17th century or so, France overtook Spain as the destination for Catholic Irishmen seeking a military career. The principal reason for this was that France was an ascendant power, rapidly expanding its armed forces, whereas Spain was a power in decline. France recruited many foreign soldiers; Germans, Italians, Walloons and Swiss. André Corvisier, the authority on French military archives, estimates that foreigners accounted for around 12% of all French troops in peacetime and 20% of troops during warfare.[2] In common with the other foreign troops the Irish regiments were paid more than their French counterparts. Both Irish and Swiss regiments in French service wore red uniforms, though this had no connection with the redcoats of the British army.[3] The crucial turning point came during the Williamite War in Ireland (1688–91), when Louis XIV gave military and financial aid to the Irish Jacobites. In return for 6000 French troops, Louis demanded 6000 Irish recruits for use in the Nine Years War against the Dutch. Five regiments, led by Justin McCarthy, Viscount Mountcashel formed the nucleus of the French Irish Brigade. Later, when the Irish Jacobites under Patrick Sarsfield surrendered at the Treaty of Limerick, they were allowed to leave Ireland for service in the French Army. Sarsfield's "exodus" included 14,000 soldiers and 10,000 women and children. This is popularly known in Ireland as the "Flight of the Wild Geese". The main difference between the Irish Brigade and the Wild Geese was that the Brigade was formed up, and would serve France, but the Wild Geese comprised a group of individuals with similar aims that served in the armies of several countries, not just France. Up until 1745, Catholic Irish gentry were allowed to recruit soldiers for France in Ireland. The authorities in Ireland saw this as preferable to the potentially disruptive effects of having large numbers of unemployed young Catholic men of military age in the country. However, after a composite Irish detachment from the French Army (drawn from each of the regiments comprising the Irish Brigade and designated as "Irish Picquets") was used to support the Jacobite Rising of 1745 in Scotland, the British realised the dangers of this policy and banned recruitment for foreign armies in Ireland. After this point, the rank and file of the Irish units in French service were increasingly non-Irish although the officers continued to be recruited from Ireland. During the Seven Years' War efforts were made to find recruits from amongst Irish prisoners of war or deserters from the British Army. Otherwise, recruitment was limited to a trickle of Irish volunteers who were able to make their own way to France, or from the sons of former members of the Irish Brigade who had remained in France. During the Seven Years War the Irish Regiments in French service were: Bulkeley, Clare, Dillon, Rooth, Berwich and Lally. Additionally, there was a regiment of cavalry, Fitz James. By the end of the 18th century even the officers of the Irish Regiments were drawn from Franco-Irish families who had settled in France for several generations. While often French in all but name, such families proudly retained their Irish heritages. Following the outbreak of the French Revolution the Irish Brigade ceased to exist as a separate entity on 21 July 1791 when the 12 non-Swiss foreign regiments then in existence were integrated into the line infantry of the French Army, losing their distinctive status, titles and uniforms. Many left the service in 1792 when Louis XVI was deposed, as their oath of loyalty was to him and not to the French people. Napoleon Bonaparte subsequently raised a small Irish unit composed of veterans of the Irish Rebellion of 1798. This "Irish Legion" was primarily composed of Cavalry units. Count Paul Francois O'Neill, the French 5th Comte de Tyrone and his two sons ,Jacques and Francois, all joined the Legion for four years. Austrian serviceThroughout this period, there were also substantial numbers of Irish officers and men in the armies of the Austrian Habsburg Empire, many of whom were based in Prague. The most famous of these was Peter Lacy, a Field Marshal in the Imperial Russian Army, whose son Franz Moritz Graf von Lacy excelled in the Austrian service. General Maximilian Ulysses Graf von Browne, the Austrian commanding officer in the Battle of Lobositz, was also of Irish descent. Recruitment for Austrian service was especially associated with the midlands of Ireland and with the Taaffe O'Neillan and O'Rourke gentry families[citation needed]. However, Count Alexander O'Nelly (O'Neill) came from Ulster. He commanded the 42nd Bohemian Infantry Regiment 1734-1743. Much earlier, in 1634, during the Thirty Years' War, Irish officers led by Walter Deveraux assassinated general Albrecht von Wallenstein on the orders of the Emperor. In the 19th century, further Irish officers served in the Habsburg Empire, so Laval Graf Nugent von Westmeath and Maximilian Graf O'Donnell von Tyrconnell, who saved the life of Emperor Franz Joseph I during an assassination attempt. Gottfried von Banfield finally became the most successful Austro-Hungarian naval aeroplane pilot in the First World War. Swedish and Polish serviceIn 1609, Arthur Chichester, then Lord Deputy of Ireland, deported 1300 former rebel Irish soldiers from Ulster to serve in the Protestant Swedish Army. However, under the influence of Catholic clergy, many of them deserted to Polish service. The Catholic Irish troops in Protestant Swedish service changed sides during a battle[clarification needed] against largely Catholic Poland, the only European country with statutory freedom of religion at the time.[citation needed] The Irish then served in Polish service for several years during the Polish–Muscovite War (1605–1618), until their wages went unpaid.[4] Italian serviceDespite being less studied, the ancient and traditional "mestiere delle armi" in Italy was also a well-known profession by the Irish. The "tercio" of Lucas Taf (around 500 men) served in Milan towards 1655. The Army of Saboya included also Irishmen, but in Italy the Irish were organized basically by the Spanish administration. In 1694 another regiment in Milan was exclusively composed by Irishmen. Around the 3-4% of a total of 20.000 men were Irish in the Spanish Army of Milan. It is not a high figure, but it was important as regards quality. In this context, James Francis Fitz-James Stuart (1696-1739), Duke of Berwick and of Liria is just one example of this success. He began to serve the Monarchy in 1711 and succeeded in becoming General Lieutenant (1732), ambassador in Russia, in Austria and in Naples, where he died.[5] In 1702 an Irish grenadier company led by Francis Terry entered Venetian service. This company of Jacobite exiles served at Zara until 1706. Colonel Terry became the Colonel of a Venetian Dragoon Regiment, which the Terry family mostly commanded until 1797. Colonel Terry's Dragoons uniforms were red faced blue in the Irish tradition. The Limerick Regiment, of Irish Jacobites, transferred from Spanish service to that of the Bourbon king of Sicily in 1718. HAUT DE PAGE End of the Wild GeeseIrish recruitment for continental armies dried up after it was made illegal in 1745. In 1732 Sir Charles Wogan indicated in a letter to Dean Swift that 120,000 Irishmen had been killed and wounded in foreign service "within these forty years",[6] with Swift later replying:
It was some time before the British armed forces began to tap into Irish Catholic manpower. In the late 18th century, the Penal Laws were gradually relaxed and in the 1790s the laws prohibiting Catholics bearing arms were abolished. Thereafter, the British began recruiting Irish regiments for the Crown Forces — including such famous units as the Connaught Rangers. Several more Irish units were created in the 19th century. By 1914 specifically Irish infantry regiments in the British Army comprised the Prince of Wales's Leinster Regiment, the Royal Dublin Fusiliers, the Irish Guards, the Royal Irish Regiment, the Royal Inniskilling Fusiliers, the Royal Irish Rifles, the Royal Irish Fusiliers, the Connaught Rangers and the Royal Munster Fusiliers. With the creation of the Irish Free State in 1922 five of the above regiments were disbanded, with most of the remainder undergoing a series of amalgamations between 1968 and 2006. The United Kingdom still retains three Irish regiments: the Irish Guards, the Royal Irish Regiment, and the London Irish Rifles. See alsoFootnotes
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François Jacques WalshFrançois-Jacques Walsh et de Serrant,Parents
Union(s) et enfant(s)
Frères et sœurs
Baron d'Ingrandes, de Bescon et de Plessis-Macé, seigneur de Champtocé, Saint-Germain des Prés, Saint-Georges sur Loire, Saint Augustin des Bois, Petit Paris, Saint Léger, les Essards, Linière, Saint Martin du Fouilloux, Epire, Savénière, etc... Maintenu noble au Conseil d'Etat le 15 août 1754. Créé comte de Walsh-Serrant, suite à l'érection en comté de la terre de Serrant, par Louis XV de Bourbon, avec lettres patentes de mars 1755. François Jacques Walsh (1704-1782), député de France à Cadix en Espagne, puis armateur nantais de la traite négrière, l'un des dix enfants du capitaine-corsaire Phillip Walsh, fut nommé 1er comte de Serrant par Louis XV en 1754 a fondé une dynastie de négriers nantais, avec son frère Antoine Walsh, son associé Etienne Meslé de Grand-Clos faisant la même chose à Saint-Malo. Il a épousé Mary Harper (d'origine irlandaise comme lui), en 1743 à Cadix. BiographieLa famille "Walsh de Ballynacooly" venait du conté de Kilkenny en Irlande, et émigra en France après le Traité de Limerick de 1791, consécutif à la Glorieuse Révolution britannique.
En 1750, il a fait à François Jacques Walsh un cadeau magnifique, pour ses 46 ans, alors que les enfants des deux frères sont très proches. Il lui achète pour 840 000 livres, à Madeleine Diane de Vaubrun, duchesse d'Estrée, le Chateau de Serrant, à Saint-Georges-sur-Loire, dans le Maine et Loire, dont il aménage la décoration intérieure et crée un parc à l'anglaise[3]. Les armoiries de la famille Walsh, « un cygne navré », c'est-à-dire percé d'une flèche, figurent encore sur la façade du château, et de nombreux portraits et souvenirs y sont encore. Un des fils que François Jacques eut avec Mary Harper, Antoine Joseph Philippe Walsh de Serrant se marie en première noce avec Renée de Choiseul-Beaupré, puis devenu veuf avec Louise Elisabeth Charlotte de Rigaud de Vaudreuil qui héritera du titre et du château.
Le fils d'Antoine Walsh, "Antoine Jean Baptiste Paulin Walsh", dit "Milord", héritier de la Société d'Angola grand armateur du port de Nantes, a épousé en 1765 à Saint-Georges-sur-Loire, sa cousine Marie Joséphine Dorothée Walsh de Serrant (1748-1786)[4], qui n'est autre que la fille de François Jacques Walsh[3]. Son père avait offert le château au père de sa femme en 1750. Il devint propriétaire à Limonade et Ouanaminthe, au sud de l'île de Saint-Domingue en y possédant les habitations la Poterie et Thiverny mais devra s'exiler et mourut le 26 avril 1798 à Kingston à la Jamaïque. Parmi ses cinq fils, Antoine Olivier fut chanoine au Vatican. Jean Baptiste François Walsh d'Angers, dit "Théobald"[5] fut domicilié à Torbeck, également au sud de Saint-Domingue puis membre du club Massiac, groupe de planteurs blancs opposés à l'application des droits de l'homme dans les colonies au moment de la Révolution française. Après la révolte de Toussaint Louverture de 1791, dans l'île de Saint-Domingue, Antoine Anthime Walsh de Chassenon et "Théobald" embarquèrent à Nantes le 8 janvier 1792 vers Leogane. Début 1792, éclata une violente révolte des esclaves dans la région de Platons. "Les blancs de l'arrondissement des Cayes étaient donc inquiets et maintenaient un état d'alerte permanent dans la région. Le 6 aôut 1792, dans le but de mater la rébellion des platons, de Blanchelande dirigea contre eux trois colonnes de troupes fortes plus de quinze cents hommes commandés respectivement par le colonel de Thiballier, les capitaines Deschet et Sanson". "Théobalde" en faisait partie et fut tué ce même jour. Notes et références
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Pierre-Jacques Meslé de GrandclosPierre-Jacques Meslé de Grandclos (mort en 1806) fut l'un des plus riches négociants et armateur de son époque à Saint-Malo , qui fit fortune grâce au commerce triangulaire avec l'Afrique et les Antilles. BiographieD'origine rurale, sa famille monte rapidement l'échelle sociale, grâce à la Marine Royale et à son implication dans la vie de la Cité corsaire 1 . Son père, Jacques Meslé de Grandclos, fut le dernier théologial (1768-1789) de Saint-Malo, qui traita successivement le traité de la justice considérée par rapport aux lois modernes, le traité des lois, le traité des Péchés, et autres matières proposées pour les conférences ecclésiastiques. Pierre Jacques Meslé de Grandclos devient enseigne de vaisseau à 13 ans, puis capitaine de vaisseau à 24 ans, alors que son grand-père Etienne Meslé de Grandclos avait dû attendre l'âge de 35 ans pour exercer cette fonction, au service de l'armement de Jacques Walsh , lui-même grand-père d' Antoine Walsh , le plus grand armateur négrier du Port de Nantes dans les années 1750 2 . Pierre-Jacques Meslé de Grandclos devint dans les années 1760 l'un des premiers armateurs de la Traite négrière dans la ville de Saint-Malo, puis en France, selon l'historien Alain Roman. Sur 166 voyages en trente ans, on compte 35 expéditions de Traite négrière et 30 voyages aux Antilles . Son carnet d'adresses compte plus de 700 noms, dont la moitié à Paris. Entre 1756 et 1792, sur les 17 plus gros armateurs malouins , 12 ont été négriers, selon les travaux de l'historien Alain Roman. Le grade de capitaine permet d'être intéressé à l'armement, avec des parts dans la société. Il devient armateur, avec son père Jacques, à l'âge de 28 ans, puis pour son propre compte à 34 ans, en 1762, en pleine guerre de Sept Ans , dans une ville où les grandes familles nouent des alliances conjugales. Son père avait épousé Marie-Thérèse, fille de l'armateur Jean Fouasson et de Julienne Harrington , elle-même fille de Catherine Danycan. Pierre-Jacques épouse lui en 1753 Pauline Félicité Le Bonhomme, fille d'un des plus gros armateurs de la première moitié du XVIII e siècle. Sa sœur Marie épouse son petit-cousin Louis-Marie Harrington , qui deviendra l'un des premiers capitaines de Pierre-Jacques Mesle de Grandclos, avant de s'installer lui-même comme armateur 3 . Pierre Jacques Meslé de Grandclos fut en 1747 lieutenant à bord de navires commandés par François-René de Chateaubriand , alors âgé de dix années de plus que lui. Juste avant la Révolution française, il sent que les choses risquent de mal tourner à Saint-Domingue pour ses affaires et investit dans des plantations de coton sur l' île de Sapelo , qui accueillit en novembre 1790 un groupe d'aristocrates bretons, Nicolas Magon de la Villehuchet , Charles Pierre César Picot de Boisfeuillet et Christophe Poulain Dubignon , ce dernier y restant planteur de coton jusqu'en 1825. Pierre Jacques Meslé de Grandclos décède en 1806 et son fils, Stanislas, devient maire de Villers-Bocage (Calvados) en 1810 4 . Des traces de son influence existent à Saint-Malo, avec le manoir La Malouinière de la Baronnie bâtie à la fin du XVII e siècle par les Eon, puissante famille d'armateurs, racheté ensuite par Pierre-Jacques Meslé de Grandclos puis saisi à la Révolution française 5 . |
Phillip WalshPhillip Walsh, né en 1666 à Dublin, mort en septembre 1708 au large de l'île de l'Ascension, est un capitaine corsaire malouin d'origine irlandaise et un négociant de Saint-Malo.
BiographieOriginesIl est issu de la famille "Walsh de Ballynacooly [réf. nécessaire] 2 ", du comté de Kilkenny en Irlande . Il est le fils de James Walsh, capitaine de vaisseau, et de Margaret Walsh (de Carrickmines). Dans le courant du XVIII e siècle , ses descendants ont produit une généalogie acceptée par Chérin , établissant leur noblesse d'extraction. La famille originaire du Pays de Galles , se serait établie en Irlande au XII e siècle 3 . Carrièreil émigre en France avec son père à la suite du roi d'Angleterre renversé en 1688 Jacques II, après le traité de Limerick (1691). Il s'établit à Saint-Malo vers 1695 et s'affirme comme l'un des bons capitaines corsaires de sa génération. Il commanda des navires armés pour pratiquer la « petite course » dans les eaux des îles britanniques. De 1691 à 1708, il commande 11 navires malouins, dont 6 corsaires. L'histoire signale ses exploits dans l'Océan Indien avec le Rubis (56 canons) et le Diligent (50 canons) pendant la guerre de Succession d'Espagne. En 1707, il est recruté par Beauvais Le Fer pour commander le vaisseau le Curieux pour la première expédition de Moka[1]. Il part de Brest le 6 janvier, fait une longue escale à Cadix, avant de contourner l'Afrique et d'aller piller 1500 tonnes de café de qualité supérieure dans le comptoir hollandais de Moka, au Yemen. Moka est alors une ville de 10 000 habitants, le principal marché de la côte d'Arabie en ce qui concerne le négoce du café. Il capture l'indiaman hollandais le Vainqueur près de l'île d'Ascension et meurt en mer peu de temps après. FamilleDe son mariage avec Anne White (1675-1727), elle aussi d'origine irlandaise, sont nés dix enfants dont Patrice-Marc, Antoine et Philippe. L'aîné des dix enfants, Patrice-Marc (1701-1790), débute à St-Malo dans le commerce morutier, puis se fixe à Morlaix, où il pratique le commerce avec les Antilles et la Louisiane, avec une flottille de trois à quatre navires dont l'un est commandé par son quatrième frère, Philippe (né en 1706). Le cadet, Antoine (1703-1763), devient dans les années 1750, le plus grand armateur du port de Nantes, en fondant la Société d'Angola. Le troisième, François Jacques (1704-1782), est fait 1er comte de Serrant par lettre patente du roi Louis XV de 1754. Il est l'armateur pour qui travaille Etienne Meslé de Grand-Clos, grand-père de Pierre-Jacques Meslé de Grandclos, qui devient dans les années 1760 le premier armateur et premier négrier de Saint-Malo. Dans le courant du XVIIIe siècle, les Walsh ont produit une généalogie acceptée par Chérin, établissant leur noblesse d'extraction. La famille originaire du Pays de Galles, se serait établie en Irlande au XIIe siècle[2]. Bibliographie
Notes et références
Ce document provient de « https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip_Walsh |
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Societe d AngolaLa Société d'Angola est une société créée à Nantes en France en 1748 pour faire la traite des noirs sur la côte de l' Angola .
HistoriqueLa famille Walsh a créé le 7 septembre 1748 dans le port de Nantes une société par actions qui a pour but de pratiquer la traite des noirs le long de la côte éponyme, avec un capital de 1 600 000 livres (dans les faits 2 millions de livres tournois sont réunies. Elle contrôle à elle seule 28% de tous les armements négriers de Nantes 1 . Cette société adopte la même démarche que la Compagnie du Sénégal et la Compagnie royale d'Afrique créées en 1673 : mobiliser des capitaux pour armer des navires plus grands. Avec la Société Grou et Michel , sa grande rivale à Nantes, contrôlée par la famille parisienne de Jean-Baptiste Grou , arrivé à Nantes en 1689 à l'âge de 20 ans 2 . C'est alors 49% de la traite négrière qui est entre les mains de deux armateurs. En novembre 1748, la Société Grou et Michel fusionne avec d'autres pour se fondre dans la Compagnie de Guinée au capital de 2,4 millions de livres. Le fondateur de la Société d'Angola, Antoine Walsh , grand armateur de la ville et l'une des figures des irlandais de Nantes . La liste des 26 actionnaires ne comprend qu'un seul autre Nantais, Du Chatel, pour 175 000 livres, qui n'est autre que le fils du banquier Antoine Crozat . La haute finance parisienne et l'administration supérieure de la Compagnie des Indes sont mieux représentées : le financier Paris de Montmartel investit 375 000 livres, les banquiers Tourton et Baur 375 000 livres chacun, et Michau de Montaran , commissaire du roi auprès de la Compagnie et ancien trésorier des États de Bretagne, investit 50.000 livres. Notes et références |
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Château de Serrant
HistoriqueLe château de Serrant est situé à Saint-Georges-sur-Loire, dans le département du Maine-et-Loire, à une quinzaine de kilomètres à l'ouest d'Angers.
Il s'agit d'un château de style essentiellement Renaissance. Il a été construit à la place d'un château médiéval en schiste ardoisier : les douves témoignent de la période où Serrant était une place forte surveillant le passage de la Loire. À la fin du XVIe siècle, le propriétaire, Charles Péan de Brie, dépêche l'architecte angevin Jean Delespine pour construire un corps de logis bâti autour d'un escalier à double volée contrariée. Il est aussi prévu deux ailes en retour. Mais Charles de Brie se trouve à court d'argent et les travaux ne peuvent pas être achevés immédiatement. En 1603 la propriété est saisie, puis vendue à Scipion Sardini. 
 Château de Serrant En 1636, Guillaume Bautru en devient propriétaire; il achève les travaux en respectant les plans d'origine ; l'homogénéité du style est sauvegardée. Le domaine passe par la suite aux marquis de Vaubrun. En 1749, François Jacques Walsh, armateur nantais, devient seigneur de Serrant en achetant le domaine à Madeleine Diane de Vaubrun, duchesse d'Estrée. Il est frère d'Antoine Walsh, un des principaux armateurs nantais à cette époque. Les Walsh réaménagent la décoration intérieure, créent un parc "à l'Anglaise", édifient les deux pavillons, la monumentale grille d'honneur qui porte leur armes. En 1754, la seigneurie de Serrant est érigée en comté par lettre patente de Louis XV. |} On dit que lors d'une visite Napoléon Ier, dont l'épouse Joséphine eut comme dame d'atours une châtelaine de Serrant, fut impressionné par son escalier d'honneur. En 1830, Valentine Walsh de Serrant, petite-fille de François-Jacques, épouse Charles Bretagne Marie Joseph, duc de La Trémoïlle. En 1939 la duchesse de La Tremoille mit le château à la disposition de l'Etat pour y abriter des oeuvres des musées nationaux (Corinne Bouchoux "Rose Valland, la résistance au musée" - Geste éditions / Archives de vie, 2006, p.46). Le dernier du nom étant mort jeune et sans postérité dans l'incendie d'un château anglais en 1925, l'important patrimoine familial, dont Serrant, a été transmis à leurs parents les princes de Ligne-La Trémoille. Cette importante demeure très bien entretenue, abrite, outre un riche mobilier ancien, le "fonds Duchatel", archives d'un ministre de Louis-Philippe Ier, père d'une duchesse de La Trémoille qui fut proche d'Adolphe Thiers, a été classé Monument Historique par arrêté du 29 septembre 1948, ainsi que le tombeau en marbre sculpté du marquis de Vaubrun, superbe témoignage d'art funéraire du XVIIIème siècle. ArchitectureLes douves datent du château médiéval préexistant.Le logis est construit autour d'un escalier à double volée contrariée en pierre à voûtes décorées de caissons[1]. Le parc à l'anglaise du XVIIIe siècle entoure le château et diverses dépendances, le colombier, l'orangerie les écuries et les autres communs. Sieurs de SerrantUn grand nombre de sépultures et de tombeaux des sieurs de Serrant se trouvaient en l'abbaye de st-Georges sur Loire, certaines furent relevées par Gaignières et se trouvent soit à la BNF soit à la BodléianVoir aussiLiens externes
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http://homepages.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~walsh/index.html https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irelande The Walsh Surname - Origins
WALSH(E)  Walsh is among the five most numerous surnames in Ireland, found throughout the country. The name Walsh is a semi-translation of the early Irish form Breathnach (click for pronunciation), meaning 'Welsh' or 'Breton', later anglicised as 'Branagh', 'Walsh', etc. Surname authorities such as Patrick Woulfe (Irish Names) list the name 'Brathnagh' as an older English or Anglicized form of Breathnach. George Black (Surnames of Scotland) gives the name 'Braithnoch' as being from the Irish Breathnach (more anciently Breatnach), meaning a 'Welshman'. From Father Edmund Hogan's Onomasticon Goedelicum (Dublin, 1910) comes the term 'bretanach'; now Breathnach; one of the Welsh families in Ireland, now Walsh. Hogan also cites the term 'brethnaigh'; alias Breathnacha, indicating the Walshes or Welshmen of Iar-Connacht (Annals of Connacht, 19 b). Edward MacLysaght (Irish Families) gives the first of the name in Ireland as "Haylen Brenach, alias Walsh, son of 'Philip the Welshman' who was one of the invaders of 1172." In Ireland and Great Britain the names Walsh, Walshe, Welsh, Welch, Wallis, Wallace (&c.) have a similar historical origin. They derive from the Anglo-Saxon / Old English term 'wælisc', used in different parts of early Britain to denote the native Welsh or Britons. In medieval records the generic terms 'le waleys' and 'walensis' (among others) were often used to indicate 'a Welshman,' and occurred in various parts of the British Isles from areas of Welsh settlement (also see Walsh of England). In Ireland this included some of the adventurers from Wales who arrived in the wake of the Cambro-Norman campaigns beginning in the period from 1169-1172 CE. In England the surname Walsh is ranked in the top 110, and in Scotland the surname Wallace is ranked in the top 50. Prior to the emergence of surnames a patronymic form of naming a person was commonly used. Patronyms usually denoted the father or ancestor of the individual, e.g. "Stephen son of Howel", "Stephen fitz Howel", "Stephen ap Howel", or simply "Stephen Howel". Other early naming conventions designated a person's place of origin, e.g. "of Wales", "the Welshmen", or "Welsh", while other forms indicated a person's occupation (e.g. Smith, Cooper, etc). Sometime prior to the emergence of the Walsh surname, as well as the emergence of other surnames, the name appears in early records as Walensis, then as Waleys and le Waleys. In early Irish records the Gaelic form "Breatnach", "Bretnagh", and "Brenagh" were also in use. For the surname Walsh these early naming conventions eventually became anglicized to Walshe, Walsh, Branagh, Brannagh, and so on. Other common spellings also existed, including surnames such as Welch, Welsh, Walch, et al. There are records of individuals in 13th century Ireland, Wales and England who were referenced as Walensis or le Waleys and whose last name evolved over time into Walsh or into a close variant of that surname. Among the examples included Walsh of Rathronan, in county Tipperary, Ireland; Walshe of Llandough in Glamorgan, Wales (and of Langridge and Hutton in Somerset, England); and Walshe or Welsh of Llanwern and Dinham in Monmouth, Wales (and of Woolstrop in Gloucester, England); as well as Walsh of Sheldesley, in Worcester, England. In Ireland, unlike many of the early Cambro-Norman and Anglo-Norman families such as the Burkes, the Fitzgeralds, etc, who can trace their ancestry to a small number of known individuals, the Walsh family name arose independently in many different places (also see Walsh in the Early Irish Counties). In 1588 Lawrence Walsh wrote a pedigree of his Irish family, who were centered on the border of counties Kildare and Meath. Lawrence attempted to explain this phenomena by linking the more notable Walsh families of the day to a common ancestor who he referred to as 'Walynus' (note the similarity to Walensis). Lawrence states that Walynus "came with Maurice fitzGerald, the lieutenant, with fifty horsemen and fifty footsoldiers to Ireland in the year 1169" and had progeny which included a son named Howel. A similar tradition exists for the Walsh of the Mountain families who were centered in south-central County Kilkenny at an early date. Certain pedigrees suggest a common ancestor named 'Philip of Wales', a hero in a naval battle of 1174, who also had a son named Howel. This Howel was the namesake for the main stronghold of the family, i.e. Castle Hoel, (Castlehowel, Castehale, etc). Tradition also suggests this Philip had a brother named 'David Welsh', noted at the battle of Limerick in the year 1175, whose descendants included the Walsh families located south of Dublin at Carrickmines. In both cases the early records of counties Kilkenny and Dublin suggest families using the patronymic Howell, whose lands became those of the Walshes during the 14th century. As noted by J. C. Walsh in his book "Walsh 1170-1690", popular forenames in the Walsh Family during the first five centuries they lived in Ireland included Howell or Hoyle, David, Richard, Walter, Henry, Theobald, Pierce, Thomas, Edmund, Oliver, Maurice, Simon, Nicholas, Gilbert, Philip, and Robert. The origin of these forenames likely relates back to the early days following the Cambro-Norman incursion into Ireland (1169-1172). David and Howel were Welsh names, as were some of the very early Walsh forenames of Griffin, Meredith, Eynon and Owen. The forename Richard was derived from Richard de Clare (Strongbow), Walter from Gerald FitzWalter, and Henry from Henry II. Theobald, Pierce and Thomas were names of the Butler family, and also used by the Walshes. Edmund came through the Butlers from the Burkes. Oliver seems to have come from the Graces, and Maurice from the Fitzgeralds. The forename Simon was peculiar to the Kildare Walshes. Early Walshes in Ireland included the names of Henry and Adam Walsh who settled near Dublin. Later the names Theobald and Richard, of Carrickmines, ran in succession over a period of almost three centuries. The names Walter, Edmund and Robert, of Castlehale, also ran in a series for about three centuries. The Philips were most numerous in Kilkenny, but most prominent, perhaps, in Kildare. The Richards were always in evidence in Dublin and Kildare, and for a time, in Tipperary. The Henrys seem to have stuck to Dublin and Wicklow. The Howels, or Hoyles, were in Kilkenny, in Dublin, and in Wexford. Nicholas appears to have been a characteristic Waterford name, and is also found in Kildare. Gilbert appeared in Dublin and Cork in the thirteenth century. It was a de Clare name which in this instance came through the Desmond Fitzgeralds.  As previously suggested, the Walsh surname in Ireland had its Irish roots in the Welsh and Welsh-Norman families who arrived in the wake of the Cambro-Norman invasion of Ireland. As cited by J. C. Walsh (Walsh 1170-1690), "they more than likely came from some of the leading houses of Wales." Some have placed their relation and descendancy from Owen Gwynned, Prince of North Wales, and his sons Ririd and David. Others propose a probable relationship to some of the early leaders of the Norman invasion, including Robert FitzStephen (see possible Walsh Pedigrees), Raymond le Gros de Carew, Maurice FitzGerald, and Richard FitzGilbert de Clare. Other possible connections to Wales include Philip FitzRhys, son of Rhys, as well as Meyler FitzHenry. See also Descendants of Nesta. Over the centuries, the Walshes in Ireland built and inhabited many strongholds (for further reference see the article on Walsh history). They married with their 'Norman' neighbors, the Butlers, Powers, Fitzgeralds, Graces, Purcells, Cantwells, Shortalls, Archers, Comerfords, Denns, Walls, Furlongs, Devereuxs and others who came into the country with their ancestors. They often married into alliance with families of Irish origin, including the Kavanaghs, McCarthys, Brennans, Sheas, O'Donnells, O'Connors, O'Rourkes and others. Of the first to enter into marriage alliances were said to be David and Philip 'Walsh', both to McCarthy's, late in the 12th Century. For more information on the tradition of David and Philip, see Exploring Walsh Connections in Wales. The preceding article was compiled by Dennis J. Walsh, © 2009 Further Reference: |
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WALSH 1170-1690Between the years 1170 and 1690 the family of Walsh (Walshe) in Ireland contributed their share to the making of the history of that country. They came from Wales, at the time of the Cambro-Norman invasion into Ireland led by, among others, Richard FitzGilbert De Clare, Earl of Pembroke (also known as "Strongbow"), Raymond Carew (known as "Le Gros"), Gerald FitzMaurice and Robert FitzStephen. 'Norman' was a term applied to those Vikings who conquered parts of Northern France beginning in 911 A.D. Their progeny invaded England in 1066 and arrived in Ireland in 1169 landing at Bannow Bay, Co. Wexford. It is written that the help of these Cambro-Norman knights was summoned by the Leinster king Dermot MacMurrough to help reclaim his kingdom. Henry II of England followed in the year 1171. Further reference: Cambro-Norman Invasion of Ireland.The Walsh relationship with the Cambro-Normans (from Wales) can be seen to have been the determining factor in their acquisition of property in Ireland. Their good fortune and their reverses are seen to have been bound up with the struggles of the Fitzgeralds, Butlers, and Burkes for pre-eminence in power and possession, and with the desperate efforts of the English governors to hold a small area around Dublin [the Pale] against the pressure increasingly exerted by the native Irish. From the very first year of their arrival in Ireland the Walshs, and all their associates, were regarded as English by the Irish, and as Irish by the English, and after five centuries this was still the position by reason of the continuous operation of two conflicting tendencies. English law was cleverly designed to keep them at enmity with the old Irish; yet the conditions in which they lived conduced to friendship and intermarriage with their Irish neighbors. There was much in common between the early Welsh and the Irish. They were of the same Gaelic stock, and had the same system of selecting rulers by tanistry. Both would set aside the eldest son of a chief from the succession for even a physical blemish, both took hostages from defeated enemies, and both made a practice of blinding possible rivals. The Welsh were also, as the Irish were not, guilty of mutilation for the same object. In times of trouble the Welsh chieftains found refuge in Ireland, and the Irish chiefs in trouble were welcome in Wales. Of all who went to Ireland following the Cambro-Norman Invasion, those of Welsh blood were most likely to accommodate themselves with ease to the new conditions. As to the family origin of the first who went to Ireland, it seems clear that they were drawn from the leading houses of Wales. Ririd, who settled in Dublin County, was a son of Owen Gwynned, Prince of North Wales; and a brother of David, Owen's son and successor. There is some indication that David, son of this David, also went there. Philip FitzRhys was clearly of the house of South Wales. Philip and David "Walsh", who are mentioned in the early histories, and for whom it is claimed that both Strongbow and Raymond le Gros were their uncles, appear to be with the Geraldines rather than with the de Clares. In the early years they were very close to the Fitzgeralds, and Meyler Fitz Henry was their constant friend. Other families of le Waleys (Walshs) undoubtedly descended from Cadwallader, brother of Owen Gwynned, and Alicia de Clare, but the indications are that they came later to Ireland. Read more at Exploring Walsh Connections in Wales. When Henry II arrived at Waterford, late in October, 1171, Dermot McCarthy of Ireland went of his own accord to pay homage, give hostages, and agree to pay tribute for his kingdom. In 1173, the invaders broke out of their initial Leinster foothld and invaded McCarthy's territory at Lismore. It was in escaping with their spoils that they met the Danes of Cork, where Philip 'Walsh' was the victor (see Walsh of the Mountain). At about the same time Raymond le Gros defeated McCarthy on land. Then, in 1175, after the siege of Limerick, where David Walsh attracted attention, Raymond was appealed on behalf of Dermot McCarthy, who had been imprisoned by his son Cormac. Dermot's envoys, in imploring Raymond's aid, promised him large gifts. By a sudden move on Cork, Raymond succeeded in restoring Dermot to his kingdom, and he was given by the grateful Dermot lands of large tracts in Kerry. Ultimately, through the favor of Raymond, and marrying into the McCarthy families, David Walsh obtained land in Kerry and Tipperary, and Philip Walsh obtained mountain land in Waterford and Tipperary. There was nothing revolutionary about these McCarthy marriages with young men of royal blood of Wales. HAUT DE PAGE There is a natural tendency to ascribe to David and Philip Walsh a patriarchal relation to the whole family of Walsh; but obviously that is a conclusion difficult to justify. The WALSH name, as it appears in the records in various places throughout Ireland, at first is seen as Wallensis, then as Waleys, then in the Irish form Brenagh, and finally as Walsh, Brannagh, et al. Read more about Walsh Surname Origins. It is more than a little curious how these early arrivals from Wales seemed to gravitate to the mountains. It was natural enough, no doubt,  that they should like the kind of country they came from, but the more likely explanation is that they were chosen, in those early fighting years, for their value in mountain warfare. A relief map of Kilkenny shows a great level plain between two ranges of hills. On the plain there were no Walshs; the mountain country to the south was filled with them. Castlehale itself stood on the northern edge of the mountain land, with a wide outlook across the plain. It was the same in Dublin and in Wicklow. For five full centuries the Walshs were in the mountains there, posted at points commanding the mountain passes. They were in the Comeragh Mountains in Waterford, and had their castles on the mountain flanks. They were on Carrickbyrne in Wexford. They were in the mountains of Kerry. They thrived in these places and were a sturdy stock. Much later in the 17th century, Cromwell's armies were in Ireland and methodically removed all vestiges of the Walsh landholders. In Waterford, Sir Nicholas Walsh made a good fight and was killed. In Kilkenny, Walter Walsh fought, Castlehale was destroyed, his men were massacred and buried in a single pit, and he died sitting at table. In Dublin, Carrickmines was stormed and blown up, its garrison massacred, and Theobold, a "captain of the Irish" attainted. The head of the Walshs of Rathronan in Tipperary was in the fight, and so were the Walshs of Kerry. They all lost everything. Cromwell was very thorough. The Cromwell confiscations in Kilkenny County in 1653 accounted for 18,000 acres of Walsh property, of which 14,000 was that of the Baron of Shancaher in the Walsh Mountains. Another 1500 acres in Kilkenny and 12,000 in Waterford were the property of Walsh of Piltown, who died in the fight for his home. Castle Hale, the seat of the Lords of the Mountain, and Piltown, chief seat of the other family, have disappeared even from the map. Another Waterford family, called "Walsh of the Island", prosperous merchants in Waterford City, also lost, besides their business, about 3000 acres of land, of which 1200 were in their country seat at Ballygunner. Still another family had large possessions in eastern Cork, near Youghal, and others in eastern Kerry. Other thousands of acres changed hands in Dublin, Wicklow, Kildare, Wexford, and though less is known, in western Cork and Tipperary. For further reference see Confiscations. About the year 1800 a gentleman named Tighe made a statistical survey of the county of Kilkenny. He writes, "The most considerable dairies are in the Welsh Mountains, in Irish sliegh "Brenoch", and are supposed to take their name from the family of Welsh, or Walshe, by whom a large tract of country was formerly possessed.  The first of this family is said to have come to Ireland with FitzStephen and his successors, and to have had afterwards eighteen houses or castles in this district..." "To the Walshs belonged, probably, the castles of Inchicaran, CastleHale, Earlsrath, Munshall's Court, Ballynony, Ballinlea, Kilcraggan, Ballybokan, Corbally, Castlegannon, New Castle, Ballybruskin, Knockmoylan, Lismateige, Ballybregan, Ballynacooly, Grange Castle, and some others." Further reference: Place Names of the Family of Walsh. Source: Notes taken from the book "WALSH 1170-1690" A quote from a former "Welcome to Medieval Kilkenny" web site said... "Scenic Drive - Driving through Piltown takes one through one of the most scenic areas in all Kilkenny. As one drives from Templeorum to Mullinavat across the southern slopes of the Walsh Mountains the views of the Suir Valley are truly spectacular and extensive and this is also the route reputedly taken by Cromwell on his march to Carrick from New Ross." The preceding article was compiled by Dennis J. Walsh, © 2009 |
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The Walsh Arms come in a few varieties. Among others, the Walsh(e) families established themselves as landed gentry at Castlehowel (Castlehale) in County Kilkenny, at Ballykilcavan in Queen's County, at Ballyrichmore in County Waterford, and also at Bray and Carrickmines in County Dublin. Walshes were also established in Berkshire, Gloucestershire, Worcestershire and elsewhere in Great Britain. Read more at Origins of the Walsh Surname Note there is no such thing as a 'coat of arms for a surname'. Many people of the same surname will often be entitled to completely different coats of arms, as shown on this page, and many of that surname will be entitled to no coat of arms. Coats of arms were granted to individuals. For any person to have a right to a coat of arms they must either have had it granted to them or be descended in the legitimate male line from a person to whom arms were granted or confirmed in the past. I have tried to place facsimilies and/or descriptions of various Walsh, Welsh, Welch, etc., Coats of Arms here. If you are aware of other Coats of Arms, Crests, Blazons, Mottos, etc, please e-mail Dennis Walsh with any descriptive information or images. If you connect to any of the Walsh family lines represented by these Arms, share your story. Thanks!
Variations on the County Kilkenny Design Meaning -- Tranfixus --- Formal --- Large Formal --- Breatnac --- Fanningstown Note: An interesting comparison of the Walsh arms are those of the name of an Archer family, who settled in Kilkenny about the reign of King John, their arms described as "Argent, on a chevron Gules, between three pheons Sable (points downward), three mullets Or." (Source: Burke's General Armory). Similar arms existed for the Archers of Cornwall.
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Variants of the Carrickmines design also exist for the following:
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Historic Placenames of the Family of Walsh (Walshe)Abberley (Worcestershire, England) Henry VIII granted Abberley to his Groom of the King's Chamber, Walter Walsh whose family lived at nearby Shelsley. The Walshes held Abberley for over 175 years, but not without interruption. Queen Elizabeth I took it away to give to a favourite, but after a law suit it was restored to the Walshes. Joseph Walsh fought on the Royalist side at the Battle of Worcester on September 3rd, 1651 and later suffered imprisonment for his loyalty to the Crown. Source: Internet history for Abberley Hall Balally (Taney parish, County Dublin) After having been, about 1334, in the possession of Maurice Howell and Gregory Taunton, already mentioned as tenants to the Priory of the Holy Trinity for the lands of Cabinteely and Brenanstown, the lands of Balally, came into the possession of the Walshes of Carrickmines. Like other lands bordering on the mountains, those of Balally suffered much from "wars and casualties of fortune," and in a grant from the Crown in 1407 to William Walsh it was conditioned that he should build a small castle upon them. Although a considerable time elapsed before its completion, this castle was ultimately erected, and became the residence of a branch of the Walsh family. In 1546 Thomas Walsh, who was then in possession of three houses and eighty-one acres in Balally, besides the castle, died there, and was succeeded by his son, John, then a minor; in 1597 William Walsh was in possession, and in 1641 James Walsh was seized of the castle and lands, as well as of those of Edmondstown, near Rathfarnham. After James Walsh's death in 1646 his son, Henry, disposed of Balally for £700 to Mr. John Borr, of Dublin. Source: A History of the County Dublin by Francis Elrington Ball. Ballycaroge (Kilrossanty parish, County Waterford) A castle belonging to the Walsh family, as described by Samuel Lewis in his 1837 book, Topographical Dictionary of Ireland. A Sir Nicholas Walshe of Bally Keerogue, died about 1615? According to the Walsh historian, J.C. Walsh, Ballycarrickmore can be identified definitely with Ballykeroge, one of the properties of the Waterford family of Walsh. Ballyhale (Derrynahinch parish, Kilkenny) In Irish "Baile Heil", or Howel's homestead, is a townland covering an area of 368 acres in Derrynahinch parish of County Kilkenny. Howel was a christian name peculiar to the Walshes of the Mountains and Ballyhale is referred to as Howellstown in 14th century documents. The old Walshe castle adjoins the present Catholic church. The village is comparatively modern containing only a dozen houses in 1800. Skarra rock, i.e. Scairbh, a high river-ledge, is a small subdivision near the Little Arrigle river and Tulach, a hill, is the area west of the creamery with Moin mhor Commons, a district name, opposite. Blessing of trean water by the priest in Spring against wire worm attacks on corn crops is customary here. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Ballykilcavan (County Laois) Just outside Stradbally in County Laois is Ballykilcavan, the home of the Walsh Kemmis family. The land was bought from the Hartepoles in 1639 by the Walshs of the Mountain, a Kilkenny clan. The present house incorporates the late 17th century house built by the second Walsh to live there but it was enlarged and modernised both at the beginning and at the end of the 18th century, though the latter improvements were never completed due to the rebellion of 1798. Source: Country Houses of Laois - http://www.indigo.ie/FriendlyHomes/articles/index.htm HAUT DE PAGE Ballynacooly (Killahy parish, Kilkenny) Baile na culach, or place of angle, covers 158 acres in Killahy parish of County Kilkenny. There is a long angle in the north of this townland. Ballynacooly castle, of which little remains, was Walsh property and James Walsh paid 2/- hearth money for his house here in 1664. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Belline (Fiddown parish, Kilkenny) Belline House was a country manor built by Peter Walsh of Piltown in the late 18th century. Peter was descended from the Walshes of Knockmoylan and of Fanningstown, his 4th great grandparents stated as Philip Walsh and Eleanor Butler. The manor house was later bought by Frederick Ponsonby, 3rd Earl of Bessborough. Source: Walsh of Fanningstown, Burke's Landed Gentry of Ireland - publ. 1912 Carrickbyrne (Newbawn parish, Bantry barony, County Wexford) At Carrickbyrne is the townland of Courthoyle which remembers the name of the 'Howels' who lived there in early days. This was a family referred to in early records using Howel as a patronymic, e.g. Howel son of Stephen, Oliver son of Howel, etc. It is believed they were ancestors to the Walsh of the Mountain family, the early records recording the lands of these 'Howels' in the hands of the Walsh family in later times. In 1247 Howel de Karcbren who held 1/2 knight's fee in 1247 at Carrickbyrne. In 1324 Howel son of Stephen held the fee at Carrickbyrne. In 1361 Oliver son of Howell fitz Stephen held the lordship of Lotheran in Kilkenny. In 1371 Walter son of Walter son of Oliver Howel transferred his possession in Kilkenny to Geoffrey son of Nicholas Howell Walshe. In 1425 the heir of Oliver Howell held the fee at Carrickbyrne. About 1600 the lands of Carrickbyrne were held by Walter Walsh of Castlehowel (Walsh of the Mountain family). Source: Knights' Fees in Counties Wexford, Carlow and Kilkenny, by Eric St. John Brooks - publ. 1950 Carrickmines (Tully parish, County Dublin) All that's left of Carrickmines castle, formerly Carrigmayne (Little Plain of Rocks), in Dublin County is a stretch of wall. It is of massive proportions, and contains a loophole or window. This fragment is all that remains of a strongly-fortified castle, which was erected at Carrickmines, after the English Conquest, to protect the south marches of the City of Dublin. The area of Carrickmines was said to be a Walsh residence very early after the Norman Invasion of Ireland in the late twelfth century. David Walsh was said to have been made Baron of Carrickmines by King Henry II in 1172, however the tenant in chief there for centuries was the Archbishop of Dublin. Henry Walsh was the 'their captain' in 1441 at Carrigmayne. The lands of Carrickmines, which were held direct from the Crown by military service, had been conveyed to his grandfather, Henry, son of Adam Walsh, by John and David Walsh, and had come subsequently into the possession of his father, William Walsh, who, in 1407, was residing on part of them called Symondstown. Henry Walsh had succeeded to the lands in 1420, as a minor. The 16th century found the Walshes in occupation, either as tenants or owners, of a very wide extent of country, and they had become one of the most important families on the southern side of Dublin Sources: Dublin Castles web site, J. C. Walsh's book "Walsh 1170-1690", and A History of the County Dublin by Francis Elrington Ball. Castlebanny (Derrynahinch parish, Kilkenny) Cailean an bhainne, or castle of the milk or milking, is a townland covering 20,69 acres of Derrynahinch parish. Castlebanny was a hill fortress of the Walshes. It stood just where the two ranges of hills come together. This wide hill area extending over the mountain ridge and bordering Coolnahau on the eastern slope may have derived its name from hill dairying. There is a hamlet marked on the Ordinance Survey sheet. The ruined castle is locally called the Caiseal and near it by the roadside is a small rath. Old residents here state that Jack o' the Lantern moves along the mountain on dark nights. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 and The Lament for John MacWalter Walsh by J.C. Walsh HAUT DE PAGE Castlegannon (Derrynahinch parish, Kilkenny) In Irish "Cailean Gheannain", or Gannon's stone fortress, is a townland covering 970 acres in Derrynahinch parish of County Kilkenny. This caiseal and Castlebanny were hill fortresses of the Walshes. Kilcredy, i.e. Cill Chreide, St. Crede's church now in ruins is in Castlegannon lower hamlet (Kilcredy is not a townland) and there is also an upper hamlet and one small rath. Carrigan states that Kilcredy is probably one of the oldest churches in the Diocese of Ossory and that it was appropriated to the Priory of Kells early in the 13th century. Carriag mhor was a wooded area until 1942 and the Coill lia, the grey wood, and Sliabh an cheannai, the castle-jobber's mountain, are local names; also Sean na Sidheog's corner named after a local queer character. The Roadstone Company is now working the Gray Wood quarry. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Castlehale (Castle Hoyle or Hoel or Howel) Castlehale, in the Barony of Kells, is said to have been a square castle flanked by four towers. It stood at the northern end of the mountain, overlooking the plain northeast of Kilmaganny. On the distant northern horizon other mountains are in view. First constructed by Howel (or Hoyle) Walsh (aka Haylen Brenagh) in the thirteenth century, it deserved to be ranked among the chief residences of the county Kilkenny. Appearing in arms against Cromwell, circa 1650, the Walsh clan there was defeated. Many were executed on the spot and buried at the foot of the hill near the castle. Later, in making a road in the area the late Mr. G. Reade (circa 1800) discovered the bones, and caused a sweep to be formed, which marks the place. Since that time none of the family have existed as landed proprietors, but the name is frequent among the country people. Source: The Lament for John MacWalter Walsh by J.C. Walsh Read more at The Legacy of Castlehale Castlemorris (Aghavillar parish, Kilkenny) Diore lia, a grey wood. Area 512 acres. The Morris family got a grant of land here in 1653, almost certainly Walsh possessions before the Confiscations, as the Morrises and Reades got grants of the Walsh lands in old Rossaney at this time.... Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Clonassy (Kilmacow parish, Kilkenny) Cluain Easa, meadow of the Assy river, area 1,054 acres. The Assy or Poulanassy river rising in Barnadown, Aughavillar parish, flows southwards through Harristown and Garrygaug joining Derrylecky river here at Clonassy. The waterfall on the river must have given its name to this and to Poulanassy townland. Carrigan states that the ancient church called Sean-Eaglais, stood "by the stepping stones of Assy river" and that the church and churchyard were uprooted in 1850; also that a pillar stone north of the church on the by-road to Garrygaug is known as Cloch an tsaidiura, the soldier's stone, and also as Cloch an phalmaire, the pilgrim's stone. Only traces of the foundations of Clonassy castle, owned by Robert Walshe, Lord of the Mountain, who was slain at the Siege of Limerick 1690, remain in a field called Pairc an chaisleain. Robert was one time M.P. for Kilkenny. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Cloone (Kilmoganny parish, Kilkenny) Cluain, a meadow. Area 374 acres. The name is recorded in 15th century documents as Cluain Stallain and as Cluain Sheain Bhhui, believed to be one of the Walshes. Cloone castle, in ruins, was Walshe property to 1446, then given to Jerpoint Abbey and to the Ormonde family at the suppression of the abbey. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 "Clone Castle, the revenues of which were given to Jerpoint Abbey, was nevertheless known as Cloone MacShaneboy or Cloone of the son of yellow John (Walsh)." Source: Statistical Observations Relative to the County of Kilkenny - William Tighe 1802 The early 19th century maps of Aher and Clements corroborate the former name of the townland of Clone as Clanmacshaneboy or Cluone. Derrylecky (Derrynahinch parish, Kilkenny) Doire leacach, the flaggy oak-grove, covers an area of 827 acres of Derrynahinch parish. This district is mostly mountain and rough pasture usually called the Derrylecky Bogs. The Old Dairy here was a mountain booley of the Walshes, Derrynahinch. Coolaun mountain adjoins the bogs eastward and Ucht na gcearc, the hill-brow of the grouse is a subdivision. Fields in this area are Carraig na mbuachailli; Carraig na sionnach; Carraig Anderson; Moin ghiuis, the fir bog; and Poet O'Neill's field. The late William Henebry recalled twenty houses here 60 years ago -- only two now. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Derrynahinch (Derrynahinch parish, Kilkenny) Doire na hinse, or oak-grove of the holm, covers an area of 992 acres in the parish of Derrynahinch. It is given as Ath Dhoire na hInse in the Red Book of Ossory. The ancient church, in ruins, is in the Church field beside Derrynahinch House, the home of the Walshe family over a long period. St. Mocheallog was patron of the church and two holy-water fonts belonging to it are still in Ballyhale church. There is a well called Tobar geal, a clear spring. Caureisk is a subdivision of Upper Derrynahinch where there was an ancient enclosure of eight upright stones with a circumference of 60 yards, now long destroyed, called Leaba Dhiarmada agus Grainne and locally known as Long Darby's grave. Fields in the area are Coill Bheag, a little wood, and Cul Thaidhg, Tadg's hill. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 HAUT DE PAGE Earlsrath (townland in Kilbeacon parish, Kilkenny) At Earlsrath, Rath Iarla, Earl's or de Earley's rath, near Kilbeacon in the parish of Mullinavat, there was "a very large fort, oblong and surrounded by a deep fosse, formerly filled with water, with a bank about 20 feet high, formerly faced with square stones." The area was about 75 yards by 55. Some historians claim that this was the scene of a great battle, long before the Norman invasion (circa 1170). It was a spot that had to be controlled by those who had interests to protect above and below it, and was doubtless one of the first Walsh strongholds. The Walsh owner managed to save it at the time of the confiscation (circa 1653). The property was about 2,000 acres in 1800 when Mary Walsh, a widow, had it. The last of the family, Miss Alice, died in 1884, aged 91, after endowing a convent in Mullinavat. Source: History of the Diocese of Ossory - Rev. Dr. Carrigan, 1905 and The Lament for John MacWalter Walsh by J.C. Walsh Garrygaug (Muckalee parish, Kilkenny) Garrai Dhathog, Little David's garden, area 494 acres. This is the name given in 16th century documents. Muckalee ancient church, almost levelled, and the churchyard are here. St. Canice was the patron and a pattern was formerly held in his honour in the church field. Carrigan states that a Walshe castle once stood in the townland but there is now no trace of it. Knock is a subdivision and there is a well called Tobar an bhile, well of the tree. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Grange Castle (Mooncoin parish, Kilkenny) In the parish of Mooncoin, Grange Castle was the seat of another of the younger branches of Walsh. Pierce Walsh was given the Abbey of Owney, in Limerick, when Henry VIII decided that the monasteries should be taken into the King's hand. This castle at Grange was a square keep, roughly built, and very old, with walls five and a half feet thick. Source: The Lament for John MacWalter Walsh by J.C. Walsh Grange (Pollrone parish, Kilkenny) Grainseach, a grange, area 639 acres. The ruined castle at Grange village belonged to the Walshes of the Mountain. Fields are Carraig an lin(O); Coniceir, a rabbit warren; and the Culog, back land. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Harristown (Muckalee parish, Kilkenny) Baile hAnnnrai, Henry or Harry's homestead, area 629 acres. This is an upland district (the highest point 600 ft.), west of the main Kilkenny/Waterford road and is Pobal an Bhreathnaigh, the territory of the Walshes. The Breathnach Mor forfeited this townland and Kilmog in 1653. Our greatest cromleac, Leac an Scail, the warrior's tombstone, is here on the Kilmogue border. It is a simple structure with a sloping cap-stone resting on three upright pillar stones to an elevation of 18 feet at the highest point. The cap-stone is 14 feet long, 11 feet wide and 2 1/2 feet thick with an estimated weight of 25 tons. It is attributed to the Neolithic period but nothing is known of it other than its name. Cluain leacht, the cairn meadow, is the name of the field by the cromleac, and other fields are Ban ard; Currach; Currach Mor; Garrai aitinn; Gleann an tsruthain, the stream glen; Moin Bheagl; Moin fhada; Pairc mhor; Seangharrai and Tulan na ngabhar, the goat's knoll. There are two raths. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Inchacarran (Killahy parish, Kilkenny) Inse an charainn, or holm of the stone-pile, covers an area of 118 acres in Killahy parish of Kilkenny. The destroyed structure, close to Mullinavat and near the angle of the Assy and Black rivers is said to have been the residence of Sean MacBhaiteir Breathnach (1580 - 1660), aka John MacWalter Walsh, Bard of the Walshe Mountains and one of the most important and powerful gaelic poets of that age. In 1664 it is recorded that Inchacarran was given to a Cromwellian. John MacWalter had a dance tune called ''Tatter Jack Walsh'' named after him. He was buried in Kilbeacon cemetery. The site of the original castle was located in the field beside the parish GAA grounds. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 William Tighe described Inchicarin in his 1802 Statistical Observations as "one of their [the Walses] principal residences was at Inchicaran in the valley opposite to Millinivat, where the foundations remain of an oblong court, and a square building; a large fosse without could be filled with water by a rapid stream from an adjoining glen. Jerpoint Abbey (Co. Kilkenny) The church harbours some very fine sculptured tombs including those of Katerine Poher and Robert Walsh (died 1501). To Robert Walsh was ascribed the title of "Baron of Shancaher", or of Oldcourt. His parents, Edmund Walsh and Johanna le Botiller, were also buried at Jerpoint. On March 9, 1446, Robert's grandfather, Richard Walsh, made a grant to the Abbey of Jerpoint of his lands of Clone, in the barony of Kells, and Ballycheskin in Knocktopher, thereby enabling the Cisternian monks to build the tower of the Abbey. Source: The Lament for John MacWalter Walsh by J.C. Walsh HAUT DE PAGE Kilcraggan (Ballytarsney parish, Kilkenny) Not far from Waterford, Kilcraggan was another Walsh branch family residence. How long they had been at this place can be inferred from the fact that John Walsh, son of William, son of John, son of William, son of Adam, was one of the constables of the barony of Iverk in the year 1608. Source: The Lament for John MacWalter Walsh by J.C. Walsh Kilcreggan (Ballytarsney parish, Kilkenny) Cill creagain, church of the rocky land. Area 370 acres. There is a field called Croichtin in which Carrigan states the ancient church and churchyard stood, both long obliterated. Kilcraggan ruined castle belonged to the Walshes, Lords of the Mountain. Kilcraggan village is north of the road and avenue leading to Silversprings House. Other fields are Garrai Mhac Oda; Pairc an chrainn; and Tobar na hadhairce, well of the horn, but perhaps should be Tobat na deirce, well of the alms. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Kilgobbin (Kilgobbin parish, Co. Dublin) Kilgobbin Castle, a tall, narrow structure entirely devoid of bawn or outworks, which might be described as a fortified dwellinghouse rather than a castle. It originally belonged to the Walsh family, from whom it passed by forfeiture or otherwise, in the reign of Charles I, into possession of Sir Adam Loftus, of Rathfarnham. A branch of the Walsh family of Carrickinines, the Harolds' comrades in the protection of the Pale, later on settled on the lands of Kilgobbin. To that family was doubtless due the erection of the castle. Amongst its successive occupants were, in 1482 Morris Walsh, in 1509 Pierce, son of Morris Walsh; in 1578 John Walsh, in 1599 Edmond Walsh, in 1615 Christopher Walsh, and in 1620 Patrick, alias Pierce Walsh, a son of John Walsh, in whose time a court was held by order of the Exchequer at Kilgobbin, and certain persons were found guilty of non-attendance by a jury composed of the Walshes and their neighbours. Sources: 'The Neighbourhood of Dublin' by Weston St. John Joyce, and A History of the County Dublin by Francis Elrington Ball. Kilmacoliver (Tullahought parish, Kilkenny In Tullahought, County Kilkenny, was the Castle of Kilmacoliver, the wood of the son of Oliver. "It stood on the north-east edge of a high rocky peak. The site was well chosen for an old feudal keep consisting of an acre of land rising to a considerable height with sides almost perpendicular, except on the south-east. This castle belonged to the Walshs, Lords of the Mountain, till 1374 when it passed on to the Ormond family. It was destroyed long ago, and even the tradition of its existence has almost died out." Source: History of the Diocese of Ossory - Rev. Dr. Carrigan, 1905 Kilmoganny (Kilmoganny parish, Kilkenny) A Civil Parish in County Kilkenny in the Barony of Kells, 5 miles southwest of Knocktopher on the road from Kilkenny City to Carrick-on-Suir. During the parliamentary war a party of Cromwell's troops had a skirmish here with the Walsh party, of Castlehall, which they defeated, and seized the estate. There are remains of castellated residences of the Walsh family at Castlehill, Clone, and Kerehill [Currahill]. Source: A Topographical Dictionary of Ireland - Samuel Lewis (1837) Kilree (Kilree parish, Kilkenny) Cill Ruidhche, St. Ruidhche's church. Area 413 acres. The church, in ruins, dedicated to St. Brigid, is recorded as dating from the 10th century on the Board of Works notice affixed to it. There are monuments dating back to the 14th century in the adjoining churchyard and one with symbols of the Passion on it. The Cloigteach or round tower standing at its original height at the church is a familiar landmark known as the Steeple. In a field adjoining, 60 yards west of the church stands a Celtic high cross with circle and interlace ornamentation stated to date back to the 9th century. Tobar Bride is on the northern boundary in Kells townland. All the setting is in a quiet, lonely district of very rich land. Tobar an rios is listed in Carrigan's notes but the location is not known. The Walshes lost this property to Cromwell and were transferred to Connaught in 1654. The present residence of the Fleming family is believed to be the old home of the Walshes. The original flagged kitchen floor there resounded well to a half-sets. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Knockmoylan (County Kilkenny) Cnoc Mhaoldubhain, or Maoldubhan's hill, covers an area of 1,512 acres in Kilkeasy parish and in Lismatigue parish of County Kilkenny. ... There is a Walshe castle site below the village ... Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Knocktopher Barony (County Kilkenny) Cnoc an Tochair, of which Knocktopher is the English phonetic spelling, means the hill of the causeway. This barony of 46,765 acres stretches from Stonyford village in the north to Rossinan civil parish in the south and from Jerpoint Church in the east to Aghaviller townland in the west. The northern half forms part of the fertile central plain and the southern portion is good upland arable land. The hill area around Lismatigue is the middle of Sleibhte an Bhreatnaigh, the Walsh Mountains, where the Anglo-Norman family settled and erected many castles. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Knocktopher Castle (Knocktopher, County Kilkenny) James, the noble Earl of Ormond built an abbey at Knocktopher in 1356, and he died in his castle of Knocktopher in 1382, 11 years before his succesors bought Kilkenny Castle. James may fairly be supposed to have built the Knocktopher Castle which was his pride. What we can infer from the lament is that Geoffrey Brenagh (aka Walsh), head of one of Ormond's warrior bands, and at the same time his most extensive tenant in Knocktopher barony, built it for him, sharing his pride in the achievement, and very probably holding it for him until the Powers (le Poer) came along, as favored family connections, as before long they did. (Source: The Lament for John MacWalter Walsh, J. C. Walsh, pp. 120) Lismatigue (Lismatigue parish, Kilkenny) Lios Mac Thaidhg, Mac Teigue's fort. Only the outline of the foundation of the ancient church which Carrigan states belonged to the Priory of Kells prior to the Reformation now stands in the disused churchyard. The site is in Pairc an Teampaill and Lismatigue castle, known as caislean ban, and now only a site is in the Castle field. Local tradition holds that the Bard of the Walshe Mountains, referred to under Inchacarran townland, lived here at a time and composed the elegy of Oliver Grace of Courtown, Tullaroan, who died 1604... Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Little Sodbury Manor (Gloucestershire, England) Sir John Walshe at Little Sodbury Manor was a famous warrior who had been knighted as the king's champion at the coronation of Henry VIII. John and Lady Anne Walshe were the masters of Little Sodbury, the estate where William Tyndale, who later translated the Bible into English, worked for two years (circa 1521) after leaving Cambridge, probably as a tutor to their two young sons. The Manor was an important house - Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn stayed here in 1535. In 1556 a severe thunderstorm killed five of the six Walshe children when "a sulphurous globe" came in through an open door, passing out through the opposite window. Source: Internet history for Little Sodbury HAUT DE PAGE Old Connaught (Old Connaught parish, County Dublin) In the sixteenth century all the lands in the parish of Old Connaught came into the possession of the Walshes, excepting those of Ballyman. The Walshes of Shanganagh were in possession of the lands of Old Connaught and Cork, while the Walshes of Carrickmines occupied those of Phrompstown. Members of these families resided upon the various lands, and we find on Cork in 1566, William M'Shane Walsh and Edward Walsh, in 1590 Walter Walsh, and in 1599 Edmund Walsh, who died in that year, desiring to be buried at Rathmichael; and on Phrompstown, in 1609 Edmund Walsh, who died in that year, desiring to be buried at Tully. Source: A History of the County Dublin by Francis Elrington Ball. Oldcourt (Templeorum parish, Kilkenny) Oldcourt, in Templeorum parish of Kilkenny was a place called Shancahir, or the Old Stone Fort. "The Cahir occupied a fine position on the brow of the hill overlooking the valley of Glenbower. Tradition asserts that the Walshs erected a court, or castle, within the ancient cahir, and made it one of their earliest residences on the Walsh Mountains. The title, Baron of Shancahir, had its origin in the connection of the family with this place. Both cahir and court have disappeared. The ruined walls of the latter remained, to the height of a few feet, until about 1825. The site is marked by a circular depression 45 yards in diameter." Source: History of the Diocese of Ossory - Rev. Dr. Carrigan, 1905 Oldcourt (Fiddown parish, Kilkenny) Seanchathair, an old stone fort. Area 529 acres. The fort or court is in a field between Glenbower stream and Templeorum. It belongs to the Walshes, and Carrigan states it was uprooted circa 1825. Fields here are Ban an phumpa, the pump bawn, and Paircin uisce. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Owning (Owning parish, Kilkenny) In the Barony of Iverk, County Kilkenny, Owning was another place in which a son of the main Kilkenny family of Walsh was set up for himself. Edmund Walsh, whose wife was Agnes Butler, was given four townlands by his parents in 1613. A fine monument in Owning church is all King William's friends left as souvenir of this auspicious beginning. Source: The Lament for John MacWalter Walsh by J.C. Walsh Owning (Owning parish, Kilkenny) Onang, as given in Hogan's Onom, area 797 acres. The ancient church, in ruins, is beside Owning House now a Sisters of Mercy convent. Owning holy well called Tobar na Muchthee according to Carrigan who states that there was a Lady's Well in "the Orchard." A pattern was held formerly here on the 5th of August. On Carriganog hill, i.e. Carriag na ngag, rock of the clefts, height of 755 ft. overlooking Owning village to the east is a huge monolith 13' 6" x 6' 9" x 1' 9" with four supports called Cloch Phuca. A few fields north of Owning village there ia another cromleac 9' x 7' x 2' called Cloch bhan supported by five upright stones. Moindeaga, i.e. Moin dige, bogland of the dyke, and Baile an chorcain, now known as Potstown, are subdivisions. A Mass hollow high up the slope of Moindeaga hill is still called Poll an Aifrinn. There is a rath north-east of the village. This district was a stronghold of the Walshes, Lords of the Mountains. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Rochestown (Rathkieran parish, Kilkenny) Baile an Roiste, Roche's homestead, area 239 acres. Rochestown castle long destroyed belonged to the Walshes; it stood in the eastern portion towards Mullinavat village. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Rossanarra Demesne (Kilmoganny parish, Kilkenny) Rossanarra House was built by Maurice Reade in 1825 in the old townland of Castlehale. His former residence was in Old Rossenarra and he changed the name here to Rossenarra Demesne thereby eliminating Castlehale as a townland. Castlehale castle in ruins to the ground level was for centuries the chief seat of the Walshes, Lords of the Mountains, the chief of the tribe being described as "the Eyese Breathnach," i.e. the oidhre or heir to the leadership. The castle built by Howel Walshe shortly after the Anglo-Norman Invasion was owned by this family until the Cromwellian Confiscations. The Walshe Mountains stretch across the mid-south county as hill country roughly from the Nore to the Suir rivers. King William and his army bivouacked in Old Rossenarra in their way from Kilkenny to Carrick-on-Suir in 1690. Rossanarra House and lands came into the possession of the Mac Enery family about 1880. Sir John Lavery, the celebrated portait painter and step-father of Mrs. John Mac Enery, spent the declining years of his life here. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Rossaneny (Killamery parish, Kilkenny) Ros an eanigh, wood of the marsh. Divided into Rossaneny Reade and Morris with a total area of 729 acres. The church, in ruins, and a disused churchyard are north of the cross-roads: Carraig na gcapall hil 725 ft., the highest point is on the southern border. There is a well called Tobar mhearachain, well of the thimble, according to Carrigan; Cluain is a field name here. It would appear that the Reades and Morrises were granted the lands of Rossaneny which belonged to the Walshes before the Cromwellian confiscations. These two surnames are also attached to Corragaun in Tullahought parish. Portion of Windgap village is in this townland. Windgap was made a distinct Catholic parish in 1826 comprising the Civil Parishes of Killamery, Tullahought and one-third of Kilmoganny. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Rossbercon (Rossbercon parish, Kilkenny) A monastery, dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin Mary, was founded here by the families of Grace and Walsh, where friar-preachers were first introduced in 1267. The ruins are extensive and picturesque, comprising the lofty tower of the church, resting on four pointed arches and ten windows, and the south wall of an aisle, containing five arches and ten windows. Source: Topographical Dictionary of Ireland - S. Lewis, 1837 Scarawalsh (A Barony of County Wexford) Scarawalsh is in reality a compound of Irish and English words, namely Scairb and Walsh. The old Irish form was Scairbh an Breathnaic, that is Walsh's Shallow Ford --- the name Breathnac being applied to the Welsh settlers of that district. The Cambrian family of Breathnoch or Walsh first settled in Ossory: they long retained their Welsh names and customs. In 1857, the barony of Scarawalsh contained portions of the Poor Law Unions of Enniscorthy, Gorey and Shillelagh. Sources: Loca Patriciana, p. 332; also Irish Penny Journal, p. 326; also General Alphabetic Index to the Townlands and Towns, Parishes and Baronies of Ireland. Shanganagh (Rathmichael parish, County Dublin) Situated on the very bank of the Loughlinstown river are the ruins of the ancient castle of Shanganagh, the ancestral home of the Walsh family, whose connection with the locality lasted over three centuries. A branch of the family of Walsh of Carrickmines had settled in the parish, and by degrees the Walshes supplanted the Lawless family. They appear first in 1447 at Shanganagh in the person of Edmund Walsh, to whom the seigniory of that place was leased in that year by the Vicars Choral of St. Patrick's Cathedral. Sources: 'The Neighbourhood of Dublin' by Weston St. John Joyce, and A History of the County Dublin by Francis Elrington Ball. Sheepstown (Knocktopher parish, Kilkenny) Baile na gcaorach, place of the sheep. Area 572 acres. The ancient church, in ruins, near the roadside was known as Teampall Bhaile na gcaorach and St. Muicin of Maighin was patron. Tobar a hinch (O) is a well. The site of Sheepstown castle which belonged to the Rothes until the 17th century is west of the road. This was Walshe property and there is a field called the Eishe, i.e. Oidhre, heir or successor, which was the title of the next-in-line as Lords of the mountains. Other fields are Cimini, commons, and Gort salach. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 Shelsley-Walsh (Worcestershire, England) The Walshes, (from whom the hamlet takes its name) first appear in 1211-12 when John Walshe was holding half a fee in Shelsley. St. Andrews church nestles here under high wooded hills, surrounded by orchards and black and white cottages. In the corner of the Sanctuary is a rare wooden tomb to Sir Francis Walsh who died in 1596. The panels are painted with the Walsh Coat of Arms. Source: Internet history for Shelsley-Walsh Templeorum (Fiddown parish, Kilkenny) Teampall Odhrain, Odhran's Church. Area 235 acres. There are few records of this name. Odhran was a christian name of the Walshes of the Mountain from which it may have been derived. The ancient church, in ruins, is in the churchyard with many monuments. Templeorum castle site is at the village and the church field is the part of the old graveyard through which the road to the present chapel was cut. A pattern was held formerly on the Sunday after October 11th. Source: Place Names of County Kilkenny - E.O. Kelly, KAS 1985 HAUT DE PAGE Tyntes Castle (Youghal, County Cork, Ireland) Tyntes Castle, a 15th century fortified castle was built on the Main Street at Youghal by the Walshes, a family of Cambro-Norman descent. It is unusual to have a fortified dwelling inside the town walls. It is thought to have been a store for valuable goods, with living quarters overhead. After being lost by the Walshs during the Desmond rebellions of 1584, the tower passed into the ownership of Sir Robert Tynte in the 17th century. Tynte married the widow of the famous poet Spencer. Walsh is a town in Baca County, Colorado, USA. Walsh County (North Dakota, USA) Walsh County, North Dakota was organized 30 August 1881, and named for George H. Walsh, a newspaperman and politician in Grand Forks, ND. Walshville Township and Walsh Centre Township form part of Walsh County. Walsh County NDGenWeb. Walshville and Walsh Centre are also townships in Walsh County, North Dakota, USA. Walshestown Castle (Strangford, County Down, Ireland) A small castle within a few miles of the village of Strangford, well preserved and beautifully sited. Walshtown Township (South Dakota, USA) Located in Yankton County, South Dakota, Walshtown Township was the location of an Irish community known as Walshtown, established in the 1870's. A cemetery listing is on-line at Walshtown Cemetery. Walshville Township in Montgomery County, Illinois, USA. Walshville is also a village in in Montgomery County, Illinois, USA. From the 1851 Alphabetic List to the Townlands, Towns,... of Ireland Townland Acres County Barony Parish PLU(1857)
Clonwalsh 263 Tipperary SR Iffa & Offa East Kilgrant Clonmel
Scarawalsh 496 Wexford Scarawalsh Ballycarney Enniscorthy
Walsheslough 170 Wexford Forth Rosslare Wexford
Walshetown 303 Cork, E.R. East Muskerry Athnowen Cork
Ballybranagh 218 Cork, E.R. Imokilly Cloyne Middleton
Walshestown 438 Cork, E.R. Orrery & Kilmore Churchtown Mallow
Walshestown 421 Down Lecale Lower Saul Downpatrick
Ballybrannagh 325 Down Lecale Lower Ballee Downpatrick
Lower
Ballybrannagh 346 Down Lecale Lower Ballee Downpatrick
Upper
Walshestown 427 Dublin Balrothery East Lusk Balrothery
Ballybrannagh 143 Kerry Trughanacmy Ballymaelligott Tralee
Walshestown 667 Kildare Connell Greatconnell Naas
Walshestown 106 Kildare Naas North Rathmore Naas
Walshestown 160 Kildare Naas South Tipperkevin Naas
Walshestown 230 Limerick Glenquin Mahoonagh Newcastle
Walshestown 217 Louth Ferrard Rathdrumin Drogheda
Walshestown 75 Wexford Forth Ishartmon Wexford
Walshestown 146 Wexford Forth Rathmacnee Wexford
Walshestown North 327 Westmeath Moyashel & Mullingar Mullingar
Magheradernon
Walshestown South 898 Westmeath Moyashel & Mullingar Mullingar
Magheradernon
Walshgraigue 87 Wexford Bargy Ambrosetown Wexford
Walshisland 700 King's Co. Upper Philipstown Geashill Edenderry
Walshpark 809 Tipperary NR Lower Ormond Dorrha Parsonstown
Walshpool 311 Mayo Carra Drum Castlebar
Walshsbog 474 Tipperary NR Middlethird Kiltinan Clonmel
Walsh's Court Dublin City Dublin Borough St. Luke's Dublin S.
Walsh's Row Dublin City Dublin Borough St. Mary Dublin N.
Walsh's Island 2 Galway Clare Annaghdown Galway
Walsh's Island 3 Galway Clare Killeany Tuam
Walshtown or
Ballynabranagh 465 Carlow St Mullins Lower St. Mullins New Ross
Walshtown 260 Galway Longford Killoran Ballinasloe
Walshtown Beg 918 Cork, E.R. Barrymore Templenacarriga Middleton
Walshtownmore 52 Cork, E.R. Barrymore Ballyspillane Middleton
Walshtown MoreEast 290 Cork, E.R. Barrymore Templenacarriga Middleton
Walshtown MoreWest 567 Cork, E.R. Barrymore Templenacarriga Middleton
WALSHTOWN (town) --- Cork, E.R. Barrymore Templenacarriga Middleton
Scarawalsh Barony - 106,659 acres - in County Wexford.
Further Reference: Confiscations of Walsh Property - 1653 Civil Parish Map of County Kilkenny Townland List of County Kilkenny |
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A.D. 1150 Prior to the Invasion of Ireland (1169-1171), the lands later held by the Walshs of Kilkenny were likely in the hands of the Gaelic sept of MacBraoin or (Mac)Breen, who were centered in the cantred of Knocktopher, and of the ancient sept of Uibh Eirc, descendants of Erc, whose name was given to the medieval cantred of Overk (now the baronies of Ida and Iverk). A.D. 1250 The Welsh, Normans and Flemish began to migrate into southern Ireland in the wake of the Cambro-Norman campaign of the late twelfth century. Among these adventurers are the ancestors of the Walsh families. In Gaelic Ireland they are first referred to as Breathnach, le Waleys, Wallensis, Brenagh; and during the fourteenth century, become to be called Walshe, Welsh and Walsh. It is speculated that they were from the leading houses of Wales, and that Ririd, Philip Fitz-Rhys, Howell ap Grono, Philip "the Welshman" (nephew of Rhys ap Griffith), William Wallensis (le Waleys), Haylen Brenagh, Stephen Howel, and David Walensis (nephew of Raymond le Gros) were among the earliest progenitors. In County Kilkenny about the year A.D. 1200, the chief lords in the territory in which later the Walshs are most numerous included "Griffin fitz William" of Knocktopher, "Milo fitz David" of Overke, and "Geoffrey fitz Robert" of Kells. (also see descendants of Nesta). Large sections of the modern baronies of Knocktopher and Iverk were later to become the homeland of "Walsh of the Mountain," as the leading family of the Kilkenny Walshs came to be known. Their main stronghold was at Castlehale, said to originally have been built in the 13th century. A.D. 1400 "On Thursday next after the feast of St. John the Baptist, in the year 1374, Geoffrey, son of Thomas, son of Nicholas, son of Howel Walsh, appointed ... to deliver to James le Botiller, Earl of Ormond, the lands and buildings of his manor and town of Melagh and Cannderstown in Iverk." This passage from the deed by which Geoffrey Walsh made over to the Ormond Butlers so large a share of the patrimony of Iverk is a mystery. Yet the Walsh family fortunes seem to have been in the ascendant from that time. Richard, son (or perhaps grandson) of Geoffrey lived through exciting times ... and after the Butlers defeated the Kavanaghs, the descendants of the Kings of Leinster, Richard appeared in 1410 as one of the Keepers of the Peace for the County Kilkenny. Richard is described in the genealogies [Burke] as "chief captain of his nation," probably not the first to be so called, as he certainly was not the last. On March 9, 1446, Richard made a grant to the Abbey of Jerpoint of his lands of Clone, in the barony of Kells, and Ballycheskin in Knocktopher, thereby enabling the Cisternian monks to build the tower of the Abbey, which remains in a good state of preservation, and beneath which certain of his immediate descendants are buried. In commemoration of the gifts of Richard fitz Geoffrey Walsh and his faimly, an effigy of a knight in armour was carved from stone and placed between the window lights in Jerpoint Abbey. Although the slab was removed and is now lost, Canon Carrigan had a chance to describe it in the twilight of the 20th century at a church in Piltown. Carigan described it thus: "It is exactly similar to those slabs at Jerpoint and Inistioge, formerly used to separate the window lights in the cloister. On each face is a well carved effigy of a warrior in complete armor, the shield in one instance being charged with ermine, a chevron as on one of the sculpture stones in Fiddown churchyard; the other shield has the ordinary Walsh coat of arms, viz., a chevron between three pheons." An old illustration of the latter side of the slab is found in Sheffield Grace's Memoirs of the Family of Grace (1823), on a plate entitled "Tomb Stones of the Walsh Family in Jepoint Abbey." The knight is shown wearing a type of helmet known as a bascinet, and has a ridge running down the front from the apex of the helmet to the center of the forehead. Around his neck he wears a pisane of mail which falls in a gentle curve, and does not taper to a point like those of 16th century effigies elsewhere in the county. The shield bearing the coat of arms is of the heater-shaped variety, common on effigies of the 13th and 14th centuries. The knight's body is largely covered by a jupon or surcoat, under the somehwat irregular hem of which a coat of mail can be seen descending to a few inches above the knees. A belt hangs loosely, with one end falling limply from a buckle in the center. Attached to this belt at the knight's right hip is a dagger with an upward-cruving cross, and with a grip protruding from one side of the end of the handle. The daggers blade runs from the belt to the bottom of the coat of mail just above the knees. The legs are protected by plate armour, the poleyns falling to acute points at the knees. On the feet are pointed shoes, and spur-straps can also be seen. Leaning against the half-column to the right of the figure is a tall slendar spear. Richard's son was Edmund and ... in the old Abbey of Jerpoint, ... there is a coffin shaped slab in one of the sepulchral niches in the chancel, to which it was removed from its original position beneath the tower. It bears a raised eight pointed cross, a shield bearing the arms of the Passion, and another with the arms of Walsh of Castle Hale. There is rich foliage ornamentation. Some of the letters of the inscription are obliterated. It reads, in old English character:
Source: Walsh 1170-1690 A.D. 1640 In the southern mountain regions of County Kilkenny, the complex hierarchical territories of the Walsh family (the Lords of the Mountain) extend right across the county from Tibberaghny in the west to near Rosbercon in the east. Here Robert Walsh alone held over 10,000 acres. Other key centres in this upland region were manned by members of the extended kingroup of the Walshes. This kinship strategy was also characteristic of all the major families in Tipperary, Kilkenny and elsewhere, revealing the interweaving of 'Gaelic' and 'feudal' strategies of land management and social control. The remainder of the south is dominated by long established landed families: the Forstalls dominate in the parishes of Ballygurrim and Kilmakevoge; the Fitzgeralds are lords of Brownsford and Gurteen, William Gaule holds 1,631 acres around Dunkitt and Gaulskill; Edmund Dalton, near Piltown, controls 2,179 acres; while the families like the Denns and the Freneys are also strongly represented.  Prior to the confiscation of Catholic lands during Oliver Cromwell's campaign into Ireland from 1649 to 1652, the Walsh families controlled over 19,000 acres in southern County Kilkenny. The major share was held by Robert Walsh, with smaller sections held by Thomas Walsh, Piers Walsh, William Walsh, Richard Walsh and Philip Walsh. In the 1660's Robert Walsh possessed about 5,300 acres by having some of his lands restored. By 1703, the Williamite confiscations took the last 1,675 acres held by Robert Walsh. The map above represents some of the Walsh land holdings. For a more detailed listing, see Confiscations. Source: Kilkenny History and Society A.D. 1835 The most extensive dairies are in the barony of Iverk and principally around the Walsh mountains: this tract has a good depth of soil, much inclined to grass. As late as the close of the last century, the principal family residing in it consisted of five branches, holding among them more than 2,000 acres; they retained a remarkable degree of clanship, and were very comfortable and hospitable. But from the practice of subdividing the land amongst their descendants, the farms have become very small and the occupiers poor. The land, however, is much improved: the chief crops are oats and potatoes, and great numbers of cattle and pigs are bred here. The milch cows are principally fed on potatoes during the summer, and the butter is of a superior quality, and brings a good price both at Waterford and Kilkenny, whence it is exported to England. The pigs are mostly fed with buttermilk and potatoes and grow to a large size: vast numbers are annually shipped for England, and during the season the provision merchants of Kilkenny and Waterford obtain a large supply from the barony of Iverk. Throughout the whole of that part of the barony which is not immediately adjacent to the city of Waterford, the population is more or less connected by ties of consanguinity, rarely marrying out of their own district. Source: Topographical Dictionary of Ireland Further history on the Walsh families in Co. Kilkenny is presented by Rev. William Carrigan in The History and Antiquities of the Diocese of Ossory Two of the principal families of Walsh in County Kilkenny included: Walsh of the Mountain and Walsh of Ballynacooly. The preceding article was compiled by Dennis J. Walsh, © 2009 Further Reference: Walshs in the Early Irish Counties List of 1653 Confiscations The Legacy of Castlehale Mountain Pedigree - descendants of Philip Bretnagh Historical Placenames of the family of Walsh Early Walsh Land Holdings County Kilkenny Genealogy - Ireland GenWeb |
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County Kilkenny, IrelandMountain Pedigree #1 (Philip and Howell)There are a number of early family trees which vary as to the origin of the family of Walsh in Ireland. One of the first "Walshs" was said to be Philip Walensis (the Welshman) who was a hero in a naval battle of 1174, slaying the commander of the Danish Fleet, Turgesius, the King (or Mac Turger, son of the King). There are conflicting genealogies for some of the very early Walshs, and this page is a first in a series that explores possible family trees.The story of Philip as told by Geraldis Cambrensis writing in the late 12th century, "In this emergency, Raymond [le Gros] was appointed to the command, and the troops recovering their spirits, made an incursion into the district of Ophelan (Offaly), and carrying of immense booty, obtained means of being fresh mounted and equipped. From thence they marched to Lismore, and having plundered both the city and the province, conveyed their spoils by the coast road to Waterford. With these they freighted some small vessels which had lately arrived from Wexford, and some others which they found in the port of Waterford. While, however, they were waiting for a fair wind, thirty-two ships full of armed men came from the city of Cork, distant about 16 miles westward, for the purpose of attacking them. A naval engagement ensued, the Irish making a fierce attack, armed with slings and darts, and the English repelling it with arrows and iron bolts from their cross-bows, of which they had great store. In the end, the men of Cork were defeated, their leader Gilbert mac Turger, being slain by Philip of Wales, a young soldier of great prowess. Then Adam de Hereford, who commanded, having increased his fleet with the ships taken, loaded it with plunder and sailed in triumph to Waterford." The latin reference that Giraldus uses for Philip is Phillipo Scilicet Gualensi. In other versions part of Raymond's men sailed with their booty [from Lismore] into Youghal harbour, but were attacked there by Dermot Mac Carthaigh's vassals, the Ostmen of Cork, whose fleet was commanded by Gilbert, 'son of Turgare', the mor-maer of the city. Philip Walsh was variously said to be a baron of Cornwall and descended from the famous David, King of Wales; also descended as a nephew of Robert FitzStephen; and also as a nephew of Rees Ap Griffith (Rhys ap Gryffyd). It is also claimed that he was a a nephew of Strongbow; as well as a descendant of Cadogan of Bychan (Wales); and a finally as a relative of the Geraldines and Carews. Confusing to say the least! In the genealogies, Philip is said to have married Susanna Lumney, daughter of John Lumney, Earl (Comitus) of Waterford, probably of the McCarthy clan. In other genealogies he is also said to have married Eleanor de Burgh, daughter of Maurice. Of his origin, all appear to agree that he came from Wales between the years 1169 to 1172. In the so-called "official" genealogy by William Hawkins, Ulster King at Arms in 1769, Philip was granted, by Henry II, the lands of Bally-Kilgavan in Queen's County, of Castle Hoel in County Kilkenny, and Grealaghbeg in County Tipperary. In the same year (1172-1174?) he was created Philip lord of Bally Carrickmore in Waterford and baron of Pildom in Tipperary and Shancaher in Kilkenny. After his marriage to Susanna he is said to have received much mountain land, from which the family of Philip is called "of the Mountain" to distinguish it from the family of his brother, David. In 1172, David was created baron of Carrickmaine in Dublin and of John's Cross in Kerry. Philip's son, Howell Walsh, was said to have built (or finished) Castlehale on the northern edge of the Walsh Mountains in county Kilkenny. Howell's name has been variously spelled Hale, Hoel, Hayle(n), Hoyn and Hoyle. Additionally, it has been claimed that Howell was descended from Ralf FitzStephen, the son of Robert FitzStephen who led one of the early campaigns during the Cambro-Norman Conquest of Ireland in 1169. In this light he has been referred to as Hale FitzStephen. Howell is thought to have married a daughter of Raymond le Gros de Carew, another early leader of the Cambro-Norman campaigns; or he possibly married a daughter of Griffin, a brother of Raymond le Gros. Howell's uncle, David "Walsh", was claimed to have married a sister of Raymond le Gros. The Legend of Walsh of the MountainThis family, says Burke, came to Ireland - A. D. 1170 with Strongbow and settled in County Kilkenny where they acquired large possessions, once known as the Walsh Mountains, in the barony of Iverk in said county. These possessions were confiscated during the Cromwellian period and in the reign of William III, after which the elder members of the branch migrated to France and Austria. In France, the title of Count Serrant, still extant, was conferred upon the representative of the elder branch.The first of the family who came to Ireland with Robert FitzStephen at Strongbow's invasion was Philip Walsh, who was called by the Irish, "Brannagh" (or the Welshmen), who in 1174 distinguished himself in a naval engagement against the Danes at Cork by boarding the ship of their commander and slaying his son. The son of that Philip and Eleanor, daughter of Sir Maurice De Burgh, was Hayle Walsh, builder of "Castle Hayle" or "Castlehoel" in the Walsh Mountains. His wife was Catherine, daughter of Raymond le Gros (ancester of the Grace Family). From Hayle Walsh descended many of the families of that name found in nearly all parts of Ireland, and it is a line descended from him that the families of this record are members. From that stock descended the following branches, namely, Walsh, of Castlehoel, in the county of Kilkenny; Walsh, of Ballynecully, in Kilkenny, and of St. Malo, in France; Sir Edmond Walsh, knighted at Christ's Church, Dublin, by Sir Arthur Chichester, Lord Deputy of Ireland, on the 1st June, 1606; Sir Nicholas Walsh, Knt., Lord Chief Justice of the Common Pleas, in Ireland, who died in 1615, and married Mary (d.s.p.), dau. of Sir Arthur Colclough, of Tintern Abbey, county Wexford; Walter Walsh, Dean of Kildare (in 1610), who died 6th April, 1621; Nicholas Walsh, of the Island of Teneriffe (living in 1732), descended from Henry Walsh, of Waterford, brother of Nicholas Walsh, Judge of the Queen's Bench, temp. Queen Elizabeth; Walsh, of Fanningstown, county Kilkenny; Richard Walsh, of Carrickmines; Pierce Walsh, of Kilgobbin, county Dublin, temp. James I., son of John Walsh, and grandson of Pierce Walsh, of same place; John Walsh of Shanganagh, county Dublin; Theobald Walsh (d. 1616), of Killencarrig, county Wicklow; Walsh, of Three Castles, county Wicklow; Oliver Walsh (d. 1621), of Newtown, Dorenore, county Kildare; Nicholas Walsh, of Mooretwon, county Kildare; Rev. John Walsh, of Castledermot, Chancellor of the Diocese of Kildare, in 1624; Walsh of Belcarrow, county Dublin, and of Flanders; Peter Augustus Walsh, of Castle Walsh, county Kerry, living in 1769; Walsh, of Ballykilcavan, Queen's County; Walsh, of Bellevue and Clonmoyle, county Westmeath, etc. [Source: O'Hart, Irish Pedigrees, v. 2 - 1892 ] Note and Synopsis of the Genealogy of Walsh, 1769The following "Note and Synopsis of the genealogy of Walsh (or Wallis)" is translated from the latin text (Transactions of the Ossory Archaeological Society,1883) of a certificate given to two men of the family of Walsh, of the territory of Mac Elligot in Kerry, who were officers in the army of Brandenburg, by William Hawkins, Ulster King at Arms, in 1769. The Austrian Counts Wallis were of the family of Walsh of Carrickmines. For some reason, perhaps having to do with the language of their country of adoption, they elected to represent the old family name "Waleys" as Wallis, rather than Walsh. This translation appears in the book of Joseph C. Walsh, Walsh 1170-1690, publ. 1925. It should be noted there are a number of apparent assumptions, errors and anachronisms contained in the text. <-beginquote-> The Walshs were called "Waleys" (Welsh), and therefore the name is now written both "Walsh" and Wallis." The first of the name who settled in Ireland were David and Philip Walsh, brothers, barons of Cornwall in England, (descended from the famous David, King of Wales) who with many of the principal nobles both of England and Wales, followed, in 1171, Richard de Clare, Earl of Strongbow and their uncle. Henry II coming to Ireland in the year 1172 created David Walsh baron of Carrickmaine in Dublin and of John's Cross in Kerry. He likewise granted to David lands in Huntstown near Dublin, at Old Connaught in Wicklow, and Abington in Limerick. David married Mary McCarthy, eldest daughter of Justin of Aglias and Sarah Sullivan, receiving with her from her father much land in Kerry, where he erected three castle which may still be seen, called Castle Walsh of Alan, of Cusneen and of Murry, which castles are situated at the foot of Knockatee. From David was lineally descended Thomas John Reymund Walsh, of Carrickmaine in Dublin and John's Cross in Kerry, and dynast of Castle Walsh. Manus, son of David, founded the abbey of Rosbercon and another near Dublin, and enriched them with many lands and ornaments. The said Henry the Second granted to Philip the lands of Bally-Kilgavan in Queen's County, of Castle Hoel in County Kilkenny, and Grealaghbeg in County Tipperary; and the same year created Philip lord of Bally Carrickmore in Waterford and baron of Pildom in Tipperary and Shancaher in Kilkenny. Philip, in 1173, married Susanna, second daughter of John Lumny, Earl (Comitis) of Waterford, and Juliana O'Sullivan, and received from the said John much mountain land, from which the family of Philip is called "of the Mountain" to distinguish it from the family of David. From Philip was lineally descended James Walsh who returned to Scotland with Prince Charles Stuart. From these branches there sprang, and flourished in the Church, the illustrious Archbishop of Cashel and metropolitan of Munster, who was of John's Cross in Kerry and who died for the faith under Cromwell ; Archbishop Walsh of Canterbury in England, who was of Bally-Carrickmore ; and William, Bishop of Meath in Ireland, who likewise died for the faith under Elizabeth. From the time of Elizabeth, and since, the families of both David and Philip were deprived, because of their faith, of the seats they had held in Parliament. The very noble family of Mac Elligot met the same fate under Elizabeth, Cromwell and William, which family parted with all of their lands and possesions on account of the adherence to the profession of the Roman Catholic religion, difference in religion being the only cause of their loss, the family preferring to sacrifice all their property and fortne rather than give up their religion, which was prohibited in those three reigns, and the law being such that few Roman Catholics can hold property. The undersigned Lords, Members of Parliament, Bishops and pastors attest and confirm the foregoing as exact and at all points in agreement with the truth (signatures, titles and testaments follow...). And then William Hawkins, Ulster King at Arms, certifies the descent of Julius Caesar (baptized in 1740) and Peter Augustus (baptized in 1744) Walsh or Wallis, who were at that time, 1769, junior officers in the army of Brandenburg. <-endquote-> Following the translation given above, Joseph C. Walsh, in his book Walsh 1170-1690, speculates that if David and Philip were nephews of Strongbow, the relationship may have been through his cousin, Alicia, daughter of Richard of Clare, who married Cadwalader, brother of Owen Gwynned, and therefore uncle of David of North Wales. He goes on to point out an error - the Archbishop of Cashel was not born in Kerry, but in Waterford. He then expresses his concerns that David and Philip were more likely from Wales than Cornwall, that the name Lumney must be a McCarthy as no one other could have granted the Waterford lands, and that if David of North Wales is the intended for the 'famous King David,' any descendant of his at that time must have been his son. And finally, he comments the impression is given that the more the synopsis is tested the more one is disposed to think that as other records are made available its outline may be so expanded as to become coherent history. Additional Notes: There seem to be a number of other issues with the Synopsis. There is no pedigree indicated which confirms the descent of the two individudals born in the middle of the 18th century. Many of the titles given to David and Philip are highly questionably. As one example the title of baron of Carrickmaine is not apparent in any record, the Walshs first noted holding lands at Carrickmines in the year 1400 (although in the area before this). Other references also appear to indicate places where Walshes had acquired properties at later dates, e.g. Huntstown, Ballykilcavan, and Old Connaught. |
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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_familles_francaises_les_plus_anciennes https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Familles_subsistantes_de_la_noblesse_française https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_duchés_de_France Duchés de la Monarchie de JuilletLa Mothe-Houdancourt : duché d'origine espagnole (voir Espagne : Duché de LA MOTHE-HOUDANCOURT) reconnu en France en 1838 pour la famille de Walsh-Serrant.Titre éteint en France en 1842 avec le 1er duc Olivier-Louis de Walsh-Serrant (1800-1842). Mothe-Houdancourt (la): duché créé en 1830 pour Olivier-Louis de Walsh-Serrant. Titre éteint en 1940 avec la 3e duchesse Elisabeth de Cossé-Brissac ??? Noblesse d'Empire = Walsh-Serrant (Antoine-Joseph-Philippe) ...Comte de Serrant et de l'Empire ... 1810-09-02 ... Président du collège électoral du Finistère Walsh de Serrant, extraction chevaleresque 1174, honneur de la cour 1787, comte de Serrant 1755, Irlande, Bretagne, ANF-1936 |
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LES ARMATEURS NANTAIS du XVIII e siècle Il y a chez les armateurs nantais des familles de nobles irlandais exilés, accueillis par la petite communauté catholique jacobite arrivée dès les années 1650, décennie où l'Angleterre était gouvernée par Oliver Cromwell . Le leader de cette communauté est Antoine Walsh , dont le père avait ramené à Saint-Malo le roi catholique d'Angleterre Jacques II . Parmi les Irlandais de Nantes , on compte aussi les évêques exilés au Séminaire des prêtres irlandais de Nantes, dans le bâtiment du Musée Dobrée . À partir de 1690, les immigrants irlandais sont de plus en plus souvent de grand négociants, plutôt que des militaires, comme leurs aînés ; ils une part majeure au commerce négrier. Jean I er Stapleton , propriétaire à Saint-Domingue dès les années 1690, achète en 1701 le Chateau des Dervallières , pour son fils Jean II Stapleton , dont il reste un colombier et un parc, situé boulevard Jean-Ingres 37 , et le riche armateur Jean 1er Stapleton (1696-1766) est le beau-frère de ses pairs, les Guillaume Grou , Antoine Walsh , Clarke et Luc O'Shiell . Nombre de ces jacobites irlandais catholiques de Nantes ont de grandes plantations à Saint-Domingue , qui permettent à la France de rattraper l' Angleterre pour les exportations en cours de siècle. Ils investissent aussi dans le chateau de la Rochecourbon , le Château de Serrant et le Manoir de la Placelière. En 1720, lorsque la production sucrière décolle à Saint-Domingue , que les plantations s'étendent vers le Sud de l'île, Nantes assure 44 % du grand commerce français 38 . Nantes est la seule ville de province à avoir dix millionnaires, à une époque où un immeuble parisien ne vaut que 50 000 livres. https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traites_négrièresLa communauté irlandaise de Nantes Elle se forme au cours du XVII e siècle par l'arrivée de réfugiés jacobites , dès la première révolution anglaise , mais encore plus après la seconde (1688-1690). Au XVIII e siècle, les Irlandais de Nantes sont très actifs dans le négoce international, avec les familles Lee, Walsh, O'Shiell, O'Riordan, etc. Ces négociants irlandais s'intègrent progressivement à la haute société nantaise par des mariages (la mère du négociant Gabriel Michel est Marguerite Lee) et tendent à devenir des propriétaires fonciers nobles ( Antoine Walsh devient comte de Serrant). La communauté compte aussi quelques dizaines de prêtres, organisés autour du Séminaire des prêtres irlandais créé dans les années 1690 et installé dans le manoir de la Touche en 1697. Les documents administratifs (registres paroissiaux, lettres de naturalisation) montrent qu'il y a aussi des Irlandais plus modestes : capitaines de navire, tonneliers, commis négociants, portefaix. La communauté irlandaise est dans l'ensemble installée dans le secteur de la Fosse (paroisse Saint-Nicolas). Dès 1735, Antoine Walsh, leader de la communauté jacobite des irlandais de Nantes et fils de Phillip Walsh, qui a ramené en France Jacques II, est le premier négociant de Nantes. Il finance les rébellions du jacobitisme et fait échec aux projets de taxation du sucre. De 1748 à 1751, grâce aux capitaux parisiens levés par société Grou et Michel et la société d'Angola, les familles Grou, Michel et Walsh, à la fois alliées et rivales, contrôlent 48% de la traite nantaise. Guillaume Grou avait épousé Anne O'Shiell, sœur d'Antoine Walsh. Sans descendance, leur fortune (4,5 millions de livres) est confisquée en 1793. Devant un tel retournement de situation, c'est Guillaume Bautru, comte de Serrant, qui prononce alors une phrase promise à la postérité : « C'est la journée des dupes ! » https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guillaume_Bautru |
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Walsh de Saint Domingue |
Haïti, île des grandes Antilles, fut découverte par Christophe Colomb en 1492, qui la nomma Hispaniola, elle prit par la suite le nom de Saint-Domingue. Peuplée à l'origine d'indiens qui furent exterminés, Haïti fut colonisée par les Espagnols, qui fondèrent la ville de Saint-Domingue en 1498, mais le traité de Ryswick (fin de la guerre de "la Ligue d'Augsbourg") en 1697, accorda à la France la partie occidentale de l'île, où des colons français s'étaient déjà établis. | |
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Une économie prospère essentiellement agricole (canne à sucre, café, tabac) exploitée sur de grandes plantations (Habitations) nécessitait une main d'oeuvre abondante et bon marché: les esclaves noirs d'Afrique. On arriva ainsi à un déséquilibre de population: 100.000 européens "possédant" 500.000 esclaves ! une situation explosive. L'île était opulente et considérée en Europe comme un établissement modèle, elle fournissait à elle seule les 3/5 de la production des Antilles. |
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Habitation de plaisance au Port au Prince - Dessin de G. Vuillier |
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| 1790 | 1790, les colons blancs accueillent favorablement les idées nouvelles, avec l'arrière pensée d'indépendance pour les plus riches , l'idée est dans l'air... En mars, ils fondent leur Assemblée Coloniale à St Marc. Les petits Bancs et les Mulâtres sont fidèles à la Métropole. Premiers pillages de plantations. | |
Antoine Walsh de Serrant |
1791, le 24 avril, Charles Walsh de Serrant écrit en métropole "nous avons eu plus de peur que de mal et nos affaires sont meilleures que nous le croyons..." Le 10 août 1792, son neveu Jean-Baptiste François Joseph Walsh, connu sous le nom de Théobald était tué dans l'affaire: attaque du Platon, quartier de Cayes St Louis. Difficile d'être plus aveugle, Charles lui-même devait perdre ses biens. La Constituante décrète l'égalité des hommes, à la suite de ces mesures les Blancs se soulèvent contre la Métropole. Au mois d'août les esclaves noirs, conduits par Toussaint BREDA dit LOUVERTURE (affranchi, descendant d'un chef africain) se révoltent en criant "Vive le Roi" (Louis XVI étant supposé plus humain). |
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| 1792 | 1792, proclamation de la République française le 21 septembre | |
| 1793 | 1793, mort de Louis XVI. Affranchissement général des esclaves de St-Domingue par le commissaire Sonthonax le 29 août, dans le but de gagner les esclaves à la Révolution et d'affirmer son pouvoir. | |
| 1794 | 1794, la Convention abolit l'esclavage le 4 février. Toussaint Louverture se rallie à la République. Les colons appellent les Anglais à l'aide, ils sont battus par les Noirs et les Mulâtres, c'est l'occasion de massacres et d'incendies. | |
-L'île de Saint Domingue en 1751 |
1795 | 1795, traité de Bâle, l'Espagne cède à la France la partie orientale de l'île, la France restitue les territoires espagnols conquis au-delà des Pyrénées.
L'île est réunifiée sur l'initiative de Toussaint Louverture pour le plus grand bien de l'économie locale, il donne le nom d'Haïti au nouvel ensemble. |
| 1796 | 1796, nomination par la République de Toussaint Louverture au grade de général de l'armée Française, il commande une véritable armée de 20.000 hommes sur le modèle français. |
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Toussaint LOUVERTURE Collection particulière |
1801
1802 |
1801, promulgation d'une constitution propre à Haïti par Toussaint Louverure.
1802, Paix d'Amiens avec l'Angleterre. |
Prise de la ravine aux couleuvres |
Les chefs noirs Dessalines et Christophe se soumettent et se rallient, Toussaint Louverture, attiré dans un piège, est envoyé en exil en France où il mourra en 1803. Cette expédition était une erreur et fut un échec, la fièvre jaune décima l'armée (plus de 15.000 morts) et son chef le général Leclerc en novembre 1803 ; son successeur Rochambeau (fils) fut battu par les Anglais. Nouveaux massacres et incendies... départ des Blancs vers les autres îles françaises ou la Louisiane. |
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| 1804 | 1804, Dessalines se proclame empereur le 1er janvier, sous le nom de Jacques Ier. | |
| 1806 | 1806, véritable tyran, Dessalines est assassiné par Christophe et Pétion. | |
| 1807 | 1807, mort du général Ferrand, successeur de Leclerc, encerclé à Santo Domingo par les Noirs révoltés et assiégé par les Anglais il se suicida. | |
| 1808 | 1808, l'Espagne, avec l'aide des Anglais, récupère son territoire à l'est de l'île, qu'elle gardera jusqu'en 1814. | |
| 1809 | 1809, expulsion des derniers Français, qui occupait encore la ville de St-Domingue. Pendant ce temps la partie occidentale de l'île se livre à des guerres intestines et se divise à son tour en deux Républiques: |
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| Au NORD, peuplé en majorité de Noirs, capitale Cap-Haïtien, sous les ordres du Général Christophe. |
Au SUD, peuplé en majorité de Mulâtres, capitale Port-au-Prince, sous les ordres de Pétion. |
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| Henri Christophe fonde une république, dont il devient Président, son armée écrase Pétion. Nomination de Jean-Gabriel Peltier comme Chargé d'affaires auprès de Georges III d'Angleterre. | 1807 | Pétion fonde une république, dont il devient Président. |
| 1810 | débarquement aux Cayes de Rigaud, qui proclame une nouvelle république au Sud. | |
| Christophe proclame la royauté et prend le nom de Henri Ier. | 1811 | création d'un troisième état. |
| 1814 | 1814, Louis XVIII envoie 3 émissaires à St Domingue, la mission Dauxion, qui se termine par un échec et la mort de Franco de Medina, mission que Jean-Gabriel Peltier avait refusée. | |
| 1816 | Pétion donne une constitution à sa république. | |
| 1818 | mort de Pétion. | |
| Henri Ier choisit de se suicider, sa politique autoritaire entraînant un soulèvement. | 1820 | Boyer succède à Pétion. Réunion du Nord et du Sud. |
| 1821 | 1821, indépendance éphémère de la partie orientale de l'île 1822, Réunification de l'île par Boyer qui envahit la partie orientale. |
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| 1825 | 1825, convention entre la France et Haïti: reconnaissance de l'indépendance et indemnisation des colons (cette dette sera payé jusqu'en 1938 à la France). Reconnaissance par la Grande-Bretagne. | |
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1843 |
1843, renversement de Boyer. |
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| 1844 | 1844, L'île est à nouveau séparée, définitivement en 2 états: | |
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-partie occidentale (République d'Haïti), langue officielle le français, superficie 270750 km², 8,2 millions d'habitants, capitale Port-au-Prince. |
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-partie orientale (République Dominicaine), langue officielle l'espagnol, capitale Saint-Domingue. |
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| Dorénavant ce seront deux peuples, deux histoires. | Tugdual de LANGLAIS | |
Jean-Gabriel PELTIER |
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Charles-Edouard Stuart , « Bonie Prince Charlie »Bien loin des Highlands, c'est à Rome que Charles-Edouard Stuart s'éteint le 31 janvier 1788, exilé et presque oublié comme un roi sans royaume. La disparition du dernier rejeton des Stuart sonne le glas d'une lignée de rois maudits ; Jacques II d'Angleterre, son grand-père, s'est fait renverser lors de la Glorieuse Révolution de 1689 pour « intransigeance religieuse », Charles Ier, son arrière-grand-père a été exécuté en 1649 à l'instar de Marie Stuart, son arrière-arrière-grand-mère en 1584.« Prince Charlie », comme on le surnomme naît en 1720 à Rome, où son père Jacques-François a trouvé refuge. Héritier du trône d'Angleterre, d'Irlande et d'Ecosse, le Chevalier de Saint-George ou le Vieux prétendant est un roi fantôme. C'est en 1701, au château de Saint-Germain en Laye où il demeure avec sa cour principalement écossaise et irlandaises (les « oies sauvages »), qu'il est proclamé roi alors que son cousin protestant Guillaume III d'Orange-Nassau règne sur le futur Royaume-Uni, dont hérite Anne, la sœur aînée du Vieux prétendant l'année suivante. Soutenu par le Saint-Siège, la France et l'Espagne, les interventions armées pour le restaurer sont toutes vouées à l'échec. Jacques-François Stuart reste le roi virtuel d'une dynastie d'exilés. Charlie qui a tout du prince charmant chevaleresque, d'où son surnom de « Bonnie », présente, tant pour son père que pour ses partisans, un nouvel espoir, un nouveau souffle après tant d'années d'insuccès. Manifestant audace et fougue, Jacques-François baptise son fils le « Jeune prétendant », et l'autorise à agir en son nom pour reprendre le royaume de ses pères. Lorsque le cardinal de Tencin lui insuffle ce conseil : « Que ne tentez-vous de passer sur un vaisseau vers le nord de l'Ecosse ? Votre seule présence pourra vous former un parti et une armée ; alors il faudra bien que la France vous donne des secours », le jeune prince ne se sent plus de témérité et prépare son équipée. Il s'assure d'abord du soutien des Jacobites écossais (partisans de Jacques II et Jacques-François Stuart). Ces Clans qui alimentent une haine profonde pour le roi George Ier de Hanovre, cet usurpateur, qui en plus d'être luthérien ne parle pas l'anglais, et encore moins le gaélique, cet imposteur qui a évincé cinquante prétendants catholiques légitimes, sont acquis à sa cause. Depuis 1707 et la signature du Pacte d'Union, l'Ecosse est rattachée à la couronne d'Angleterre et doit subir une politique bien éloignée de ses intérêts. Il compte également sur l'aide de Louis XV et de la flotte française. Les navires français sur lesquels il embarque pour mener à bien son raid se confrontent à une flotte anglaise belliqueuse et puissante. Force est de faire marche arrière. Trop motivé pour renoncer, Charlie débarque en Ecosse le 25 juillet 1745. Il a vingt-quatre ans et compte seulement sept compagnons, dits les « sept de Moidart ». Huit hommes pour reconquérir un royaume, cela ne pèse pas lourd. Vision romantique par excellence, la carrure assurée d'un jeune premier déchire le brouillard ambiant, et foulant la grève grise s'avance d'un pas décidé sur la terre spectaculaire du loch Nam Uamh. Une terre écorchée, dépouillée, féérique. Le domaine de ses ancêtres. Chez lui. Bonnie descendant du bateau sur les côtes écossaises, incarne le mythe du héros idéaliste à tel point qu'Alexandre Dumas confessera : « J'aimerais avoir inventé cette histoire »… Rallier à sa cause des armées n'est pas compliqué tant que les clans influents lui sont tout dévoués ; Les Mac Donald, Cameron, Stewart, Atholl, Mackintosh, tous acclament l'étendard rouge des Stuart qui flotte au vent au son des cornemuses qui résonnent dans la brume écossaise. Les six premiers mois de reconquête sont victorieux et prometteurs. Les Catholiques bien sûr, mais aussi les Protestants défendent le jeune prétendant. La bataille de Prestonpans en septembre 1745 est un triomphe. Bonnie parvient à lever des troupes suffisamment étoffées pour marcher sur Edimbourg, qui cède. Si le roi George a mis la tête de Charlie à prix, ses fidèles ont foi en leur suzerain et veulent le voir gagner le trône qu'il brigue et qui lui revient. Fidélité et loyauté transpirent des témoignages de ses hommes, à l'image de celui-ci rapporté par Jean Raspail : « Dès que je vis Son Altesse Royale, notre prince si longtemps désiré mon cœur se gonfla de joie dans ma poitrine ». Mais la chance tourne. Alors qu'ils avancent vers Londres, les Clans désirent retrouver leurs Highlands, tandis que les Anglais fidèles à leur roi germanique ne lâchent rien. A Londres, pour le couronnement de George III, il s'entend dire par un quidam de la foule : « V. A. R. est le dernier être vivant » que je me serais attendu à trouver ici ». Et sa réponse princière : « C'est la curiosité qui m'y conduit, mais je vous assure que l'homme qui est l'objet de toute cette pompe est celui que j'envie le moins ». Ou encore : « Mais je suis chez moi ! ». L'année 1746 est celle des défaites, de l'écrasement. C'est l'hécatombe côté écossais. Les corps des Highlanders gisent sur les champs de bataille ténébreux, les cornemuses expirent dans un dernier souffle d'espoir condamné. Bonnie Prince Charlie parvient à réchapper au massacre. Mais la cause et le rêve des Stuart de reprendre la couronne sont bel et bien perdus ; l'Ecosse est définitivement rattachée au trône d'Angleterre. Recherché de toutes parts, le héros vaincu doit regagner la France incognito pour sauver sa peau. Il lui faut des alliés. Grâce à la protection de quelques familles amies et fidèles – les Walsh installés en France qui devaient soutenir sa traversée mais qu'un tempête avaient bloqués – Bonnie parvient à échapper à ses poursuiveurs, et malgré mille menaces de prises, survit. La belle Flora Mac Donald (sous le charme du beau prince ?) joue le rôle de l'Ariane de Thésée. Elle déguise Charlie en femme de chambre irlandaise et l'emmène à bord de son bateau sous le nom de Betty Burke, et en fait « le roi au-delà de la mer ». Une équipée romanesque qui a marqué les esprits et les livres d'histoires avec ces vers de Sir Harold Boulton (1859-1935) devenus célèbres : « Speed, Bonnie boat, like a bird on the wing... » Bonnie a échoué, certes, mais entre dans la légende populaire et littéraire. Après avoir gagné La France, son Italie natale l'attend. Que dire ? Un destin brisé par manque de moyens ? La roue qui devait tourner ? Un prince abandonné ? Un héros sans lendemain ? Laissons à François-René de Chateaubriand le mot de la fin, parce que c'est lui, et lui : « Il avait l'intelligence, le courage et la séduction; que lui a-t-il manqué ? La main de Dieu », Mémoires d'Outre-Tombe, 1848. |
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Théobald Walsh de SerrantComte de Walsh-Serrant (4th, 1825)Pair de France
Parents
Marriages and children
Notes
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 Sa pierre tombale dans la chapelle du chateau de Serrant |
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Ludovic Walsh de SerrantComte de Walsh-Serrant (6th, 1843)(Ludovic Charles Walsh de Serrant)
Parents
Notes
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 Sa pierre tombale dans la chapelle du chateau de Serrant |
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HAUT DE PAGETitres Walsh_Serrant
1. Richard Fitzjames Walsh, (d. 1638),. married to Elizabeth Sutton, with issue.
References:1. Les Familles Titrees et Anoblies AU XIX' Siecle, (Armorial du Premier Empire) by Vct A. Reverend., Paris 1974. |
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Clan WALSH = History
Walsh Family History
The clan name Walsh is the fourth most widespread family name in Ireland. It is found throughout the country and across the globe as the Irish have spread their wings and flown to other places in search of another life and adventure. The word Walsh refers to the Welsh origins of the clan. The Irish Gaelic word for Welsh is Breathnach which explains why some early members of the clan were referred to as Breathnach and derivations of this. Surnames such as Brannagh, Brannick, Breathnach, Welsh and Walshe all derive from the same source. The name arose in the 12th century when Normans of Welsh and English origin arrived in Ireland under Strongbow. The native Irish referred to many of these soldiers and followers as 'Breathnach'. This has given rise to the numerous locations where Walsh is found – the term Breathnach being used as a generic name for any of these Breathnachs/Welshmen that turned up in a locality. Its wide distribution must be a tribute to the wandering and adventurous nature of the early Walshs. The Walsh name is quite prevalent in the South East of Ireland, in particular,the coastal counties of Wexford, Kilkenny , Waterford and inland to Tipperary. The Normans first landed in Bannow Bay in County Wexford around 1169 – a short sea journey from Wales which probably explains their popularity in those counties. Interestingly the current N25 road from Rosslare ferryport towards the South and West of Ireland follows a direct route through these counties to Waterford and the N24 picks up the route from Waterford. So if you are taking these roads, be aware that in a way you are following in the footsteps of your Walsh and Norman ancestors. They probably used the Rivers Barrow and Suir in their adventurous endeavours, but these too intersect or run parallel with the N25/N24 in several places. The Walsh name is also linked historically to Counties Kerry, Mayo, Kildare, Meath and Dublin. One of the first families to be identified as Walsh in the South East was the Walsh clan known as Walsh of the Mountains. The founder of this branch of the clan was Philip 'Walensis' also known as Philip 'Brannagh' both meaning Welshman. He was one of the band of Normans who arrived in the 12th century and is said to have come from either Wales or Cornwall originally. Philip rose to prominence during a battle in Cork in 1174 when he vanquished the leader of the opposing army. He married a member of the McCarthy clan and settled in South Kilkenny when granted lands there – in the area around Kilmoganny, in the barony of Iverk. His brother David was granted lands in Carrickmines in Dublin. Philip's descendants intermarried with locals and invaders and spread across the country including Waterford, Kilkenny, Wexford, Kildare, Dublin and Kerry. Much of the land in the possession of the Kilkenny Walshs was confiscated by Cromwell in the 17th century. Family members fled to Europe and are cited as having lived in France and Tenerife. Descendants of the Carrickmines family fled to Austria. The Mayo Walshs are said to be descended from Walynus, a Welshman who was in the army of Maurice Fitzgerald. The name Walsh in Kildare and Meath is connected to Walynus and also the Kilkenny Walshs of the Mountains. In parts of the country the name Walsh is pronounced Welsh – which causes annoyance to some of those of the clan, who perhaps don't want to be reminded of the Welsh forbearers! The names Walsh and variations of Breathnach have been used interchangeably. A Thomas Walsh who was a bailiff in Cork in 1405 was also listed as Thomas Brenaghe. A college teacher of mine had been knows as Mr Walsh. Imagine our surprise when he returned one year and said that he was to be known as Mr Breathnach from then on. Walshs have been prevalent throughout Irish history. The 1798 Rising records show a number of Walshs were active in the rebellion in Wexford including Davy Walsh of Ballygow, Edmund Walsh of Sutton's parish, John Walsh of Effernogue and Nicholas Walsh, a captain from Enniscorthy who was hanged in 1800. Brothers James and Thomas Walshe were involved in the Easter 1916 Rising where they were based in Clanwilliam House. There is a story that as they fled the scene, in their attempts to cover their uniforms, they acquired some clothing from an unoccupied house. One draped a lady's coat over his shoulders and the other pulled on an overcoat as disguises to aid their escape. Walshs have been writers and journalists too. John J Welsh was a travel writer who took up walking as an exercise on the recommendation of his doctor. He was based in New York and travelled from there to Cobh in 1929 where he undertook a walking tour of Cork and Kerry. He wrote Ireland Afoot in 1931 describing his travels. Andrew Walsh, a Limerick printer founded the Limerick Journal in 1739. The Munster Express newspaper was founded in 1860 in Waterford by the Walsh family and continues to to-day. It is a good source for local activities. The Kilkenny Walsh crest (Castlehale) shows three swans pierced through the heart.
The Kilkenny Walsh family motto is "Transfixus sed non mortuus" Pierced but not dead. The Carrickmines (Dublin) crest shows a rampant Lion.
The Carrickmines/Dublin motto is "Noli Irritare Leonem" (Do not irritate the lions). Walsh in music. With a name as widespread as Walsh, it is no surprise that they feature in Irish music. A well known dance tune is Walsh's Hornpipe. So, pull back the furniture and take a few steps to this lively tune.
A Kilkenny Walsh John Mac Walter Walsh of Inishcarron Castle was a poet of the 17th century. He was known as 'Tatter Jack Walsh'. Tatter means father or head of the clan. None of his poems have survived, but a popular dance tune is called Tatter Jack Walsh.
The Gaelic name Breathnach means 'British' or 'Welsh', and the name Walsh is a semi-translation of this meaning. The name arrived in Ireland with the Anglo-Norman invasion at the end of the 12th century, and was established in a number of different locations throughout the country. Today, Walsh is the fourth most numerous surname in Ireland, and is the most numerous in Co. Mayo in the western province of Connacht (find out more about the Walsh name in Ireland).
The hand knit Walsh sweater has a cable centre stitch, flanked by an unusual cable and honeycomb weave, braid, and moss-filled diamond panels on either side. The cable stitch represents good luck, honeycomb represents work, and diamonds symbolise a wish for wealth. This beautiful Aran sweater has been hand knitted in the traditional báinín (pronounced 'baw neen') colour, the natural white of the wool. It comes to you complete with a clan history and crest. It is made of 100% pure new wool, is water repellent and breathable. It has been hand crafted in the traditional Irish style, and, with care, will last a lifetime.
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